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如何突破由发达国家跨国公司主导的国际分工体系,提升企业在全球价值链中的分工地位,是目前中国亟待解决的重要问题。基于制造业产品增加值的全球价值链分布,构建并计算了价值链高度指数,以此为依据剖析了我国在制造业产品全球价值链中的分工地位。结论是:中国在资本、资源密集产品全球价值链的中端,分工地位显著提升;在劳动密集型产品全球价值链的中低端,分工地位有一定提升;在技术密集型产品全球价值链中的中低端,分工地位没有提升或提升很小。国内需求、人力资本和服务业投入等对分工地位的提升具有促进作用。为此中国需要促进传统“加工贸易”转型升级,大力推进制造业企业自主创新,由“出口导向型”经济发展战略向“内需带动型”经济发展战略转变;同时,要改变加入GVC的方式,增加对现有制造业的人力资本与生产者服务投入。
How to break through the international division of labor system led by multinational corporations in developed countries and elevate their division of labor in the global value chain is an important issue to be solved urgently in China. Based on the distribution of global value chain of the added value of manufacturing products, the index of height of value chain is constructed and calculated. Based on this, the division of labor in the global value chain of manufacturing products is analyzed. The conclusion is: China’s capital and resource-intensive products in the global value chain in the mid-end, division of labor status significantly improved; labor-intensive products in the global value chain in the low-end, division of labor status has improved; in technology-intensive products in the global value chain In the low-end, division of labor did not improve or enhance the status of small. Domestic demand, human capital and investment in services have a positive effect on the promotion of division of labor. To this end, China needs to promote the transformation and upgrading of its traditional “processing trade” and vigorously promote independent innovation in manufacturing enterprises from a “export-oriented” economic development strategy to a “domestic-driven” economic development strategy. At the same time, Change the way to join GVC and increase input into human capital and producer services in the existing manufacturing industry.