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低温冷害是影响黑龙江省农业生产最主要的气象灾害之一,具有普遍性、多发性和严重性,其中以夏季低温冷害发生最为频繁、影响最重。低温冷害对水稻的生产危害较大,主要表现为延迟型冷害、障碍型冷害和混合型冷害。延迟型冷害多出现在水稻营养生长期,低温致使稻株出叶速度下降,降低株高、有效分蘖数,延迟有效分蘖终止期和最高分蘖期;障碍型冷害发生在水稻生殖生长期,主要影响水稻正常抽穗、开花和成熟。今后应充分认识气候变化规律,合理利用当地农业气候资源,科学安排作物布局和品种,选育耐寒高产品种,完善耕作制度,加强农田土壤改良,增施肥力,以有效防御水稻生长期低温冷害影响,提高水稻产量品质。
Chilling injury is one of the most important meteorological disasters affecting agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province. It has universality, multiple occurrences and seriousness. Among them, cold chilling injury in summer occurs most frequently and has the greatest impact. Chilling injury is more harmful to the production of rice, mainly as delayed chilling injury, obstacle chilling injury and mixed chilling injury. Delayed chilling injury occurred in rice vegetative growth period. Low temperature led to the decline of leaf speed, reduced plant height, effective tillering number, delayed effective tillering termination period and the highest tillering stage. Obstructive chilling injury occurred in rice reproductive growth period, Rice is normally heading, flowering and ripening. In the future, we should fully understand the law of climate change, make rational use of local agro-climatic resources, arrange crop layout and variety scientifically, select and cultivate hardy and high yielding varieties, improve farming system, improve farmland soil improvement and increase fertility so as to effectively prevent cold chilling injury during rice growth period , Improve rice yield and quality.