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美国通用汽车公司在二年半的时问里,通过对公司的管理和经营进行大刀阔斧地改革,使公司一举扭亏为盈。其成功的经验在于:公司必须具备全局的观念;各部门要有清晰、明确的经营管理制度;所制订的发展战略必须符合实际情况;必须有效地调配使用人力、物力和财力;做任何事情都必须以客户的需要为前提,因为只有客户才是公司成功或失败的最后裁决人。当前,在我国经济由计划体制向市场体制转轨过程中,国有企业面对的外部环境和内部环境都发生了深刻变化。从长期的卖方市场转向了买方市场;从封闭的国内市场转向国内外市场相互联通;企业资源配置方式由国家统一调拨变成市场调配;企业目标由完成国家下达计划变成追求效益;企业管理范围由指挥生产变成自主决策,承担盈亏风险;企业命运由只生不死变成有生有死;企业功能也由政府的行政下属成为独立的法人。在这样一个形势下,企业必须转变观念,深化改革,依靠科枝进步,增强企业竞争能力。通用汽车公司的经验或许能为我们提供一些有益的借鉴。
In two and a half years’ time, General Motors of the United States made the company make a profit by making drastic reforms in the management and operation of the company. Its successful experience lies in: the company must have a global concept; each department must have a clear and definite operation and management system; the development strategy formulated must conform to the actual situation; the use of manpower, material and financial resources must be effectively deployed; everything must be done The premise must be based on the client’s needs, since only the client is the final ruling for the company’s success or failure. At present, profound changes have taken place in both the external environment and the internal environment faced by state-owned enterprises in the transition from a planned system to a market system in our economy. From a long-term seller’s market to a buyer’s market; shifting from a closed domestic market to a domestic and international market; switching enterprise resource allocation from a unified national allocation to a market deployment; and corporate goals are transformed from completing the state-issued plan to pursuing benefits. The scope of corporate management From command production into independent decision-making, bear the risk of profit and loss; fate of enterprises from life to death into life and death; corporate functions by the government’s administrative subordinates to become an independent legal entity. Under such a situation, the enterprise must change its concept, deepen the reform, rely on the progress of branches and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. GM’s experience may provide some useful lessons for us.