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帝国—资本主义冲击下的近代中国社会转型,引起了人们对于外来者及外部世界的关注,一个突出表现就是西学东渐背景下“资本主义”的叙述与阐释,蕴含着化解内部危机与道路探索的焦虑。文章通过爬梳19世纪末至20世纪前半期的时人论述,一是探讨了进步维度中既痛感资本主义不发达、又批判资本主义的二元叙述;二是从生产与利润分析了资本概念,以及资本的来源和性质;三是讨论资本与劳动在价值创造视阈下的社会构建;四是辨析资本,资本家、资本主义的关系。检视资本的概念应用与内在逻辑,有助于了解现代化进程中社会改造的理念与路径。消除认识上的误区和不必要的障碍,才能真正回应资本主义“普适性”话语的挑战,构建自主的道路阐释和发展理论。
Empire - the social transformation under the impact of capitalism in modern China, has aroused people’s attention to outsiders and the outside world, a prominent manifestation is the narration and interpretation of “capitalism ” in the context of Western learning, contains the internal crisis and internal crisis Road exploration anxiety. The article explores the dissertation of the late nineteenth century to the first half of the twentieth century. Firstly, it explores the dual narrative of underdeveloped capitalism and painful capitalism in the progressive dimension. Second, it analyzes capital concept from production and profit, As well as the source and nature of capital; third, to discuss the social construction of capital and labor under the threshold of value creation; and fourth, to analyze the relationship between capital, capitalist and capitalism. Examining the concept of capital and its application to internal logic helps to understand the concept and path of social transformation in the process of modernization. To eliminate misunderstandings and unnecessary obstacles in understanding, can we truly challenge the challenge of capitalism “universal ” discourse and build an independent theory of road interpretation and development.