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第四讲 自然科学创新 过程中的若干 思维方法 无论是在经验自然科学的归纳创新模式,还是在理论自然科学的直觉——演绎创新模式中,通过归纳或者直觉获得的最初命题,在它们经受各种检验之前都只能称为假说,而不能称为规律或理论。那么,什么叫假说?怎么由原始陈述提出问题?怎么通过归纳的道路或直觉的道路提出假说?怎么对假说进行检验,使其转化为规律或理论?又怎么由一般原理推演出可检验的命题,以致建立起公理体系?这些问题不解决,就无法很好地理解和把握自然科学的创新模式,更不能或难以进行有效的自然科学创新。这一讲的主要任务,就是围绕这些问题展开讨论。
Lecture 4 Some Thinking Methods in the Process of Natural Science Innovation Both in the induction and innovation mode of experienced natural sciences and in the intuition-deductive innovation model of theoretical and natural sciences, the initial propositions obtained by inductive or intuition, Before the test can only be called a hypothesis, but can not be called the law or theory. So what is the hypothesis? How do we ask questions from the original statement? How do we propose the hypothesis by way of induction or intuition? How can we test the hypothesis so that it can be transformed into law or theory? And how can we deduce the testable proposition from the general principle? So that a system of axioms can be established. If these problems are not solved, the innovation model of natural science can not be well understood and can not be effectively or difficultly conducted to effectively innovate the natural sciences. The main task of this talk is to discuss these issues.