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十倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum)(2n=10x=70)是小麦(Triticum aestivum)重要的三级基因源,具有小麦改良所需要的多种优异性状。异附加系是将外源种属优异性状导入小麦背景中的重要种质资源。本研究利用形态学、细胞学、染色体组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)、荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)和分子标记等技术对十倍体长穗偃麦草、普通小麦7182和87-1-9的后代衍生系CH1115-B15-1-5-1-1(CH1115-B15)进行了鉴定,以期为该种质的应用提供理论依据。细胞学鉴定表明,CH1115-B15具有44条染色体,2n=44=22Ⅱ。GISH和FISH分析表明,44条染色体中有2条来源于十倍体长穗偃麦草的J(E)组染色体,其余42条染色体的FISH核型与普通小麦的FISH核型相同。SSR、表达序列标签技术(expressed sequence tags,EST)和PLUG(PCR based landmark unique gene)标记的分析表明,外源染色体是十倍体长穗偃麦草的第5部分同源群染色体。田间抗病性调查表明,CH1115-B15在成株期对条锈菌生理小种(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)条中32号和条中33号混合菌种表现为高抗(IT(infection type)=1)。芽期耐盐性鉴定表明,CH1115-B15的发芽率、根长、芽长与亲本和对照相比均有极显著差异(P<0.01),说明该种质具有较好的耐盐性。因此,CH1115-B15是一个抗条锈病、耐盐的小麦-十倍体长穗偃麦草5J(E)二体异附加系,这为抗条锈病、耐盐的小麦-十倍体长穗偃麦草异代换系和易位系的培育提供了重要的中间材料。
Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70), an important tertiary source of wheat (Triticum aestivum), has many excellent traits required for wheat improvement. Alien addition lines are important germplasm resources for introducing excellent traits of exogenous species into the wheat background. In this study, the morphological, cytological, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular markers and other techniques on the ten-year-old Thinopyrum elongatum, The progenies derived from wheat lines 7182 and 87-1-9 were identified as CH1115-B15-1-5-1-1 (CH1115-B15) in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of this germplasm. Cytological identification showed that CH1115-B15 had 44 chromosomes and 2n = 44 = 22II. GISH and FISH analysis showed that 2 out of 44 chromosomes originated from the J (E) group of 10-year-old Echinochloa crus-galli and the rest of the 42 chromosomes had the same FISH karyotype as the common wheat. Analysis of SSR, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and PCR-based landmark unique genes (PLUG) markers showed that the exogenous chromosome was the fifth part of the homologous group of chromosomes of ten-year-old Thinopyrum elongatum. The investigation of field disease resistance showed that CH1115-B15 showed high resistance to mixed strains 32 and 33 of Puccinia striiformis f. Sp. Tritici at the adult stage type) = 1). Salt tolerance identification at the bud stage showed that the germination rate, root length and bud length of CH1115-B15 were significantly different from those of the parental and control (P <0.01), indicating that the germplasm had good salt tolerance. Therefore, CH1115-B15 is a stripe rust-tolerant and salt-tolerant wheat-ten-leguminosae 5J (E) heterosomic addition system which is resistant to stripe rust and salt tolerant wheat - The development of wheat alien substitution lines and translocation lines provides an important intermediate material.