在对国内外现行直线形状误差分离技术分析研究的基础上 ,论述了各种分离方法的特点和相互关系 ,从原理、测量准确度和工程应用方面着眼 ,评述了直线形状误差测量与分离的各种主流方法———“频域三点法”、“时域递推三点法”、“二点法”、“混合两点法”、“时域乱序四点法”、“精密三点法”和“最小二乘逐次多点法”等。指出了各种方法的同源性和统一性 ,评述了它们的应用条件及优缺点 ,同时讨论了随机误差和传感器调零误差的影响及消除方法。 Based on the analysis of the current linear shape error separation technology both at home and abroad, the characteristics and mutual relations of the various separation methods are discussed. From the aspects of principle, measurement accuracy and engineering application, the effects of each shape error measurement and separation The mainstream method --- “three-point frequency domain method”, “three-point method of recursion in time domain”, “two-point method”, “mixed two point method”, “ Point method ”and“ least squares successive multi-point method ”and so on. The homology and unity of various methods were pointed out. Their application conditions, advantages and disadvantages were also discussed. The influence of stochastic errors and sensor zeroing errors and their elimination methods were also discussed.