“现代语言学之父”瑞士语言学家索绪尔的语言学思想对他之后的20世纪欧洲语言学乃至世界语言学的发展都有着深远的影响。之后的许多语言学理论都直接或间接来源于索绪尔的语言学思想。本文共分三部分,分别介绍了《教程》基本内容、从六个方面阐释了索绪尔《教程》中的语言学思想、最后对以上七个主要语言学理论进行总结。 “Father of modern linguistics ” Swiss linguist Saussure ’s linguistic thought has a far-reaching impact on the development of European linguistics in the 20th century and even the world linguistics. Many of the linguistic theories that followed were directly or indirectly derived from Saussure’s linguistic ideas. This article is divided into three parts, introducing the basic content of “tutorial”, explaining Saussure’s “linguistics” in six chapters, and concluding the above seven major linguistic theories.