高考要考查考生的能力,某些试题就不能总是在课本文字的圈子里打转转,而要跳出课本文字的范围或者不同于课文表述的形式来命制试题。近几年常听人说,某题某题在课本中找不到答案,其实是在课本中抄不到现成的答案罢了。近几年的高考试题,实质上没有“超本”,都是以课本知识为基础或依托的,只是在形式上有些“超本”,当然就难于抄本。这个问题,往往是一些同志对试题的题意搞不清、对试题的构成、指向、要求搞不清的结果。这就牵涉到试题的情境、立意和设问的问题。什么是试题情境、立意和设问,它们之间有什么关系呢?一切历史现象(人物、事件、过程等,以及由此抽象出来的概念)都存在于一定的时空条件下,亦即通常所说的环境、背境。某种历史现象及其环境背境合起来,就是“情境”。课本的内容,主要就是系统地表述历史进程中各时代各方面的情境。课本内容的任何一个局部都可以在考试中设题。从前一个时期的高考试题,因为迁就“以本为本”,大多只是利用课 The college entrance examination must examine the examinee’s abilities. Some test questions cannot always be played in the circle of textbook texts. Instead, they must jump out of the scope of the textbook text or be different from the form of the text to order test questions. In recent years, I often hear people say that a certain question cannot be answered in a textbook. In fact, it is impossible to copy the ready answer in the textbook. In recent years, the high examination questions, in essence, there is no “super”, are based on the knowledge of textbooks or rely on, but in the form of some “super”, of course, it is difficult to copy. This question is often the result of some comrades confusing their questions on the questions and confusing the composition, direction and requirements of the questions. This involves the situation, conception and questioning of the questions. What is the situation, conception and questioning of test questions? What is the relationship between them? All historical phenomena (characters, events, processes, etc., and the concepts abstracted from them) all exist under certain conditions of time and space, that is, usually Environment and background. A certain historical phenomenon and its environmental background are the “situations.” The content of textbooks is mainly to systematically describe the situation in various aspects of the historical process. Any part of the textbook content can be set on the exam. The exam questions from the previous period were mostly based on the use of textbooks because they were based on the book.