不同于着眼语言亲缘谱系及其分化的历史比较语言学,也不同于强调语言之间相互影响的接触语言学,演化语言学/语言演化类型学更重视语言的自然演化,强调语言变异规则的普适性,并从这个角度观察语言之间的关系和语言的变迁,探讨演化的类型。文章举例说明,在历史语言学中有一些历史比较和接触研究不能解决的问题,用语言演化的理念和方法能够解决。文章还谈到语言演化中的自然变异和环境选择等问题。 Different from the historical comparative linguistics that focuses on the genealogy and differentiation of language, it is also different from the contact linguistics that emphasizes the interplay between languages. The evolutionary linguistics / typology of linguistic evolution pays more attention to the natural evolution of language and emphasizes the generalization of linguistic variation rules Adaptability, and from this perspective observe the relationship between language and language changes, explore the type of evolution. The article illustrates that in the history of linguistics there are some historical comparison and contact research can not solve the problem, the concept and method of language evolution can be solved. The article also talks about the issues of natural variation and environment selection in language evolution.