一、概述 海洋石油运输的迅速增长,特别是巨型油轮的增长,增加了海上的石油污染。据估计,全世界每年约有1%次的油轮(以艘计)发生搁浅、碰撞和触礁等海损事故。每年因船舶失事而流入海洋的石油平均约5万吨。因装卸设备发生故障和损坏及操作失误等造成的漏油约占总装卸量的万分之一。此外,每年混在压舱水中排入海洋的油达70万吨。通过船底污水排 I. Overview The rapid growth of offshore oil transportation, especially the growth of giant oil tankers, has increased oil pollution at sea. It is estimated that around 1% of the world’s oil tankers (in terms of vessels) experience marine damage such as stranding, collisions and rock hits. The average annual oil inflow into the oceans due to a ship crash is about 50,000 tons. Due to handling equipment failure and damage and misoperation caused by oil leakage accounts for about one ten thousandth of the total loading and unloading. In addition, 700,000 tons of oil is discharged into the oceans each year in ballast water. Through the bottom of the sewage row