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Parkinson's disease(PD)motor symptoms are induced by the loss of dopaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin in the nigrostriatal system.The exact mechanism that triggers the degeneration of the nigrostriatal neurons is still unknown but there is general consensus in the scientific community that mitochondrial dysfunction,alpha-synuclein aggregation to neurotoxic oligomers,protein degradation dysfunction of both lysosomal and proteasomal systems,endoplasmic reticulum stress,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin.