论文部分内容阅读
未来的大豆产量获得将取决于对过去遗传改良的认识。在中国辽宁省和美国俄亥俄州布置试验比较研究2个地区育成的新老大豆品种,以了解这2个地区大豆遗传改良的一些进展。结果表明:在俄亥俄试验点,俄亥俄州立大学育成的新品种比老品种增产78%,比辽宁新品种增产22%。在辽宁省试验点,俄亥俄新品种和辽宁新品种均比老品种增产约50%。在辽宁试验环境下,大豆植株生长较高大,倒伏也相对严重,尤其老品种倒伏更重。与辽宁新品种和老品种相比,俄亥俄新品种蛋白质含量较低,脂肪含量较高。两地的育种家对大豆的产量遗传改良成绩显著,同时植株得到矮化、节间缩短和抗倒伏能力提高,主茎籽粒产量比例提高、粒/茎比增加。辽宁育种家注重籽粒大小和蛋白含量的改良,但这2个性状没有引起俄亥俄育种家的重视,双方互换种质将有利于大豆的遗传改良。
Future soybean yields will depend on the understanding of past genetic improvement. In Liaoning Province, China and Ohio, USA, a trial was conducted to compare the new and old soybean cultivars bred in two regions to understand some advances in soybean genetic improvement in these two regions. The results showed that at the Ohio test site, the new varieties grown by Ohio State University increased 78% over the old varieties and 22% more than the new Liaoning varieties. In Liaoning province, new breeds of Ohio and new breeds of Liaoning both increased their yield by about 50% over the old breed. In the Liaoning experimental environment, soybean plants grew higher and lodging was also relatively serious, especially the older varieties lodging heavier. Compared with the new varieties and old varieties in Liaoning, Ohio new varieties have lower protein content and higher fat content. Breeders in both regions achieved remarkable results in genetic improvement of soybean yield, while plants were dwarfed, internodes shortened and lodging resistance increased, the proportion of main stem grain yield increased, and grain / stem ratio increased. Liaoning breeders pay attention to the improvement of grain size and protein content, but these two traits did not attract the attention of Ohio breeders. Mutual exchange of germplasms will benefit the genetic improvement of soybean.