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《万叶集》成书于奈良末期,作为日本现存最老的歌集,在文学史上占有重要的地位。其书中共出现了160种的植物,咏植物的和歌多大1700多首,如果将一首和歌出现多种植物这样来算的话,咏植物的和歌大概有2200首。①而且万叶和歌中花的总类至少也有40种。这个数字堪称世界古典文学之最。《万叶集》中出现频率最高的前四位的花分别是:胡枝子、梅花、橘花和樱花。从这些咏花的和歌来看,奈良时期的文人墨客已经从美学的角度来欣赏自然之物。比如:梅花作为大陆文化的产物,作为高雅的象征,深受贵族文人的喜爱,在书中咏梅的和歌就多大119首。与之相比,同样是象征春天到来的咏樱歌却只有46首的。樱花作为日本的国花,在《万叶集》中却只排在第四位,不免让人觉得不可思议。本稿就《万叶集》中的咏梅歌和咏樱歌进行对比研究,探讨探讨咏梅歌比咏樱歌多的原因。
The “Leaves Collection” was written in the late Nara period, as Japan’s oldest album, occupies an important position in the history of literature. A total of 160 kinds of plants appeared in the book, and more than 1700 pieces of song are sung in a plant. If there is a variety of plants in a song, this is about 2,200 pieces. ① And there are at least 40 kinds of flowers in the leaves and songs. This figure is the world’s most classical literature. The first four flowers with the highest frequency among “Wan Ye Ji” are: Lespedeza, plum, orange flower and cherry blossom. Judging from the hymn of these aromas, the literati of Nara period have admired the natural objects from the aesthetic point of view. For example: plum as a product of the mainland culture, as an elegant symbol by the aristocratic scholar favorite song in the book Wing-mei 119 much larger. In contrast, the same is the symbol of the coming of the spring cherry song but only 46 first. Sakura as Japan’s national flower in the “leaves set” but only came in fourth place, can not help but feel incredible. The author makes a comparative study on Yongmei Song and Yongying Song in “Wan Ye Ji”, and discusses the reasons for the discussion on the more poems of Yongmei song than the Yongying song.