德国插手清末军事改革述评方１９世纪９０年代中期，清朝军队在中日甲午战争中全面失败。惨痛的战争教训使清王朝统治集团不得不正视其军事力量衰弱的现实。为巩固统治，清廷亟待整饬军队，强化国家机器。由此开始了清末的军事改革运动。这场运动是中国军事近代化的一个... Commentary on German Military Invasion in the Late Qing Dynasty Fang Fang In the mid-1990s, the Qing troops failed completely in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. The traumatic lessons of the war led the Qing dynasty rulers to face the reality of the weakening of their military capabilities. In order to consolidate the rule of the government, the Qing government urgently needs to reorganize the army and strengthen the state machinery. This started the military reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty. This movement is one of China’s military modernization ...