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星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)具有全天候、全天时、实时性和宽覆盖的观测优势,可以广泛应用于洪水灾情监测。2015年7月16日~8月12日,缅甸遭遇近40年罕见的洪涝自然灾害。为此,本研究基于灾前和灾中Sentinel-1ASAR的影像开展缅甸伊洛瓦底江下游地区洪涝淹没范围监测。首先通过分析水体和受淹植被区的雷达微波后向散射机理,分别建立了开放性水体和受淹植被两类淹没区提取模型;然后通过该模型利用灾前、灾中两期Sentinel-1A数据提取了2015年8月11日缅甸伊洛瓦底江下游地区特大洪水淹没范围;同时结合地表覆盖等地理信息,分析了淹没范围内的耕地受灾情况。结果显示,基于Sentinel-1ASAR数据本研究分别提取了伊洛瓦底江下游开放性水体和受淹植被两类淹没区。其中,耕地受灾面积达5 681.05km2,受灾严重。研究表明Sentinel-1ASAR在洪水灾害的淹没范围监测方面具有较大的应用潜力。
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has all-weather, all-weather, real-time and wide coverage observation advantages, which can be widely used in flood disaster monitoring. From July 16 to August 12, 2015, Myanmar experienced nearly 40 years of rare natural disasters caused by floods. For this reason, this study monitored the flood inundation range in the lower reaches of the Irrawaddy in Myanmar based on the images of Sentinel-1ASAR before and after the disaster. First, by analyzing the microwave backscattering mechanism of water body and submerged vegetation area, two models of open-water and submerged-vegetation submerged area were established respectively. Then, two types of Sentinel-1A data The scope of inundation of extra-large floods in the lower reaches of the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar on August 11, 2015 was extracted. At the same time, with the geographic information such as land cover, the situation of arable land inundated was analyzed. The results show that based on the Sentinel-1ASAR data, two types of submerged areas of open water bodies and submerged plants in the lower reaches of the Irrawaddy were extracted. Among them, the affected area of arable land reached 5 681.05km2, causing serious disaster. The research shows that Sentinel-1ASAR has great potential for monitoring flood inundation range.