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卡介苗(BCG)是从牛分枝杆菌中提取的减毒活疫苗。在新生儿时期接种过卡介苗的儿童,患粟粒型结核或结核性脑膜炎的几率可以减小65-95%。接种卡介苗后发生的局部或全身不良反应中最严重和罕见的是播散性卡介苗感染,这一并发症往往出现在先天性或获得性免疫缺陷的儿童中。
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an attenuated live vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis. Children who have been vaccinated against BCG in the neonatal period have a 65-95% reduction in the chance of having miliary tuberculosis or tuberculous meningitis. The most serious and rare case of local or systemic adverse reactions following BCG vaccination is disseminated BCG infection, a complication often found in children with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency.