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海洋,一个极其具有吸引力的石油资源宝库。自从在大陆架上开采到第一捅“黑金子”后,许多国家加快了开采海底石油资源的步伐。随着汽车工业和石化工业快速发展,石油作为主要的能源地位再次提升。海底石油储量大,集中在大陆架上。世界海洋面积3.6亿平方干米,约为陆地的2.4倍。大陆架和大陆坡约5500万平方千米,相当于陆地沉积盆地面积的总和。世界已探明的海上石油储量占地球石油总储量的1/4,海上石油储量的2/3左右在水深较浅的大陆架范围内。海洋石油开发速度惊人。19世纪90年代,美国率先在加利福尼亚州西海岸用木栈桥打出第一口海上油井,海上石油开采已有100多年历史。20世纪20年代,在马拉开波湖和里海发现大油田;30年代,美国又在墨西哥湾建成了世界上最早的海洋油田。目前,技术水平已可在水深6000米条件下钻井,在260米水深处开发油田,但大多数探区仍为水深200米以内的大陆架范围内。1950年的海洋石油产量是0.3亿吨,占当
Ocean, an extremely attractive treasure trove of oil resources. Since the first “black gold” mining on the continental shelf, many countries have accelerated the pace of exploiting seabed oil resources. With the rapid development of the automobile industry and the petrochemical industry, oil has once again risen as a major energy source. Seabed oil reserves, concentrated in the continental shelf. The world ocean area of 360 million square meters of dry land, about 2.4 times the land. The continental shelf and continental slope of about 55 million square kilometers, equivalent to the sum of terrestrial sedimentary basin area. The world’s proven offshore oil reserves account for a quarter of the world’s total oil reserves and about two-thirds of the offshore oil reserves are in the shallow continental shelf. Offshore oil development at an alarming rate. In the 1890s, the United States spearheaded the first offshore oil well with a wooden bridge on the west coast of California. Its offshore oil exploitation has been more than 100 years old. In the 1920s, large oil fields were discovered in Lake Maracaibo and in the Caspian Sea. In the 1930s, the United States built the world’s oldest offshore oilfield in the Gulf of Mexico. At present, it is technically possible to drill wells at a depth of 6,000 meters and to develop oil fields at a depth of 260 meters, but most of the exploration areas are still within the continental shelf within a depth of 200 meters. Offshore oil production in 1950 was 030 million tons, accounting for