支气管结核是由于结核杆菌侵入气管、支气管粘膜及粘膜下组织所引起的结核性病变。在活动性肺结核中约10%～20%合并支气管结核[1]。由于缺乏特异性的临床征象,很容易被漏诊和误诊。随着纤支镜和CT的临床应用,支气管结核的确诊率明显提高。尤其是对支气管结核合并肺不张的患者在化疗的基础上应用纤支镜局部治疗,疗效显著。现将我院2005年4月～2009年1月间应用纤支镜诊疗支气管结核合并肺不张38例报道如下。 Bronchial tuberculosis is due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades the trachea, bronchial mucosa and submucosal tissue caused by tuberculous lesions. In active tuberculosis about 10% to 20% of bronchial tuberculosis [1]. Due to the lack of specific clinical signs, it is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed. With the clinical application of bronchoscopy and CT, the diagnosis of bronchial tuberculosis was significantly improved. Especially for patients with bronchiectasis with atelectasis in chemotherapy based on the application of local bronchoscopy treatment, the effect is significant. Now our hospital April 2005 ~ January 2009 application of bronchoscopy bronchial tuberculosis with atelectasis in 38 cases reported as follows.