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市民社会的产生,并非固定不变的单一模式,在不同的国度,往往呈现出某些相异的特点。中外不少学者认为,中国历史的发展与近代的西欧迥然不同,在封建专制主义中央集权统治下不可能孕育和萌生出市民社会。实际上,清末之际国家与社会曾一度建立了较好的新型互动关系。被视为阻遏中国市民社会产生最大障碍的封建专制政府,在清末“新政”期间出现了前所未有的变化,并推行了一系列新的改革,在客观上对中国市民社会雏形的初始萌生起了重要的促进作用。
The emergence of civil society is not a single model that is immutable. In different countries, there are often some distinctive features. Many Chinese and foreign scholars think that the development of Chinese history is very different from that of Western Europe in modern times and it is impossible to conceive and nurture civil society under the centralized and authoritarian rule of feudal autocracy. In fact, on the occasion of the late Qing Dynasty, the state and society once established a relatively good new type of interactive relationship. The feudal autocratic government, which was regarded as the biggest impediment to the development of Chinese civil society, saw unprecedented changes during the “New Deal” in the late Qing Dynasty and implemented a series of new reforms that objectively played an important role in the initial initiation of the embryonic form of China’s civil society The promotion effect.