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目的掌握青岛市疑似狂犬咬伤人事件的特点与处置方法。方法接到疑似狂犬咬伤人事件报告后,即对其发生经过和人员受伤等情况进行调查,告知暴露者立即到狂犬病暴露处置门诊就医,并定期随访。采集伤人疑似狂犬脑样品,分别用直接免疫荧光(DFA)和RT-PCR方法检测狂犬病毒抗原和核酸。用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果 2006-2014年,全市共报告和处置疑似狂犬咬伤人事件23起,其中14起同时咬伤家养动物,19起发生于黄岛区。共有103人被咬伤,Ⅲ级暴露人数是Ⅱ级的6.36倍。农民占66.99%。所有暴露者均进行了伤口处理,102人注射了狂犬病疫苗,82.02%的Ⅲ级暴露者使用了狂犬病免疫球蛋白。随访至今,均未发生狂犬病。5个伤人疑似狂犬脑样品中,3个狂犬病毒阳性。结论近年来,青岛市疑似狂犬咬伤人事件反复出现,其伤人犬狂犬病毒阳性率较高。应采取措施,降低狂犬病毒在犬中的传播,并加强暴露后的规范预防。
Objective To grasp the characteristics and treatment of suspected rabies bites in Qingdao. Method After receiving a report of suspected rabies bites, it investigated the occurrence of the incident and personal injury, and informed them that they should go to the out-patient clinic for rabies exposure immediately and follow up regularly. Rabies brain samples were collected from suspected wounds, and rabies virus antigens and nucleic acids were detected by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) and RT-PCR respectively. Describe the data using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2006 to 2014, a total of 23 suspected rabies bites were reported and dealt with in the city, including 14 bites of domestic animals and 19 cases of Huangdao District. A total of 103 people were bitten, grade III exposure is 6.36 times the grade. Farmers account for 66.99%. All exposures were treated for wounds, 102 rabies vaccines were injected, and 82.02% of class III exposures were rabies immunoglobulin. Up to now, none of rabies occurred. Five rabies-suspected rabies brain samples were positive for three rabies viruses. Conclusion In recent years, the suspected rabies bites in Qingdao repeated cases of human rabies canine rabies positive rate was higher. Measures should be taken to reduce the spread of rabies virus in dogs and to enhance normative prevention after exposure.