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本文叙述了航天飞机上使用的由宇航员控制实施的光学瞄准器(COAS)的功能和特点,并介绍了完成这些功能所需的内外条件及实施步骤。本文用较多篇幅介绍了COAS的仿真方法。从COAS模型出发,考虑了诸多的例如光行差效应,瞄准误差,COAS安装不确定性等误差因素,利用矩阵转换方法和由宇航员控制飞行器机动,从而最终确定M50坐标中平台的指向(或实现交会飞行器的跟踪)。文中专门介绍了机上软件的应用。最后还简述了COAS瞄准误差模型及使用这种误差的方法。本文对深入了解美国航天飞机的控制系统组成,无疑是有益的。
This article describes the capabilities and features of the Cosascope (COAS) controlled by astronauts used on the space shuttle and describes the internal and external conditions and implementation steps necessary to accomplish these functions. This article describes the COAS simulation method in more detail. Based on the COAS model, many error factors such as optical aberration, aiming error and COAS installation uncertainty are taken into account. The matrix transformation method and the astronaut control of the aircraft maneuver are used to finally determine the orientation of the platform in M50 coordinates Achieve rendezvous aircraft tracking). The paper devoted to the application of on-board software. Finally, a brief description of the COAS aiming error model and the method of using this error is given. This article is undoubtedly beneficial to in-depth understanding of the composition of the control system of the U.S. space shuttle.