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目的调查掌握宜春市燃煤型氟中毒流行病学现状,为今后合理规划和改进防制措施提供科学依据。方法儿童氟斑牙用丁氏法进行判定;玉米、辣椒、生活用煤、室内空气、生活饮用水及尿氟采用氟离子电极法测定,按GB/T5009-1996判定;逐户调查病区村燃煤情况、房屋结构、燃烧方式;氟骨症诊断执行地方性氟骨症临床分度诊断标准和氟骨症X线诊断标准。结果总计调查3个县市区,71个乡镇,919个行政村;调查8~12岁儿童137 277人,查出氟斑牙人数8 021人,氟斑牙平均患病率为5.84%;袁州区、万载县煤氟低于全国煤氟水平,水氟低于国家卫生标准,玉米、辣椒、旺火期空气含量都超过国家卫生标准;检测了647份小学生尿样,均值为0.71 mg/L;调查了52个病区村,总计33 278户;对89 212人进行了氟骨症调查,未发现氟骨症患者。结论 8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率呈较大幅度地下降,未发现有氟骨症患者,调查结果说明燃煤污染型氟中毒病情得到了一定程度的控制。
Objective To investigate and grasp the epidemiological status of coal-burning fluorosis in Yichun City and to provide a scientific basis for rational planning and improvement of prevention and control measures in the future. Methods Children’s dental fluorosis was determined by the method of Ding method. The corn, peppers, domestic coal, indoor air, drinking water and urine fluoride were determined by fluoride ion electrode method and judged according to GB / T5009-1996. Coal-fired conditions, housing structure, combustion mode; diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis implementation of clinical skeletal fluorosis diagnostic criteria and skeletal fluorosis X-ray diagnostic criteria. Results A total of 3 counties, 71 towns and 919 administrative villages were surveyed. A total of 137 277 children aged 8-12 years were investigated. The number of dental fluorosis was 8 021 and the average prevalence of dental fluorosis was 5. 84%. Yuan State, Wanzai County, coal fluoride lower than the national level of fluorine, water fluoride lower than the national health standards, corn, pepper, wang fire period air content exceeded the national health standards; detected 647 pupils urine samples, with an average value of 0.71 mg / L; surveyed 52 ward villages, a total of 33 278 households; conducted a survey of 89 212 people with skeletal fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis patients were not found. Conclusions The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 years decreased significantly and no patients with skeletal fluorosis were found. The survey results showed that the degree of fluorosis in coal-burning was controlled to a certain extent.