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选择大庆油田环境一致的6口油井,研究石油开采干扰对土壤线虫的影响。共鉴定出土壤线虫18科30属。其中食细菌线虫最多,共15属占总数的49.2%,其次为植物寄生线虫共9属,占30.6%,食真菌线虫4属,占17.6%,杂食/捕食线虫2属,占2.6%。其中优势类群为丝尾垫刃属Filenchus和头叶属Cephalobus,占总数的42.5%。土壤的线虫生活史策略以c-p 2所占比例最大,其次是c-p 3和c-p 1类群,受油井开采作业等影响,线虫通过大量繁殖来应对环境的干扰与压力。所有油井线虫总数比对照明显减少(P<0.001),但不同油井线虫总数和群落结构差异不显著(P>0.05)。各油井线虫富集指数和结构指数均小于50,表明所有油井线虫受干扰程度较高,土壤食物网趋于退化。随着距油井口采样距离增加,线虫总量差异不显著,但线虫群落的物种数量增加,优势度指数和多样性指数逐渐增加。结果表明油井开采对土壤线虫群落有一定的影响,开采距离对线虫群落结构影响较大。
Six oil wells with the same environmental conditions in Daqing Oilfield were chosen to study the impact of petroleum exploitation on soil nematodes. A total of 18 genera and 30 genera of soil nematodes were identified. The most common bacteria were nematodes, accounting for 49.2% of the total, followed by 9 genera of plant parasitic nematodes (30.6%), fungi nematodes (4 genera, 17.6%) and omnivorous / predatory nematodes (2.6%). Among them, the dominant groups were Filenchus and Cephalobus, accounting for 42.5% of the total. The soil nematode life cycle strategy has the largest proportion of c-p 2, followed by the c-p 3 and c-p 1 groups, which are affected by the operation of oil wells. The nematode multiplies to cope with environmental interference and stress. The total number of all nematode worms decreased significantly (P <0.001) compared with the control, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the total number of nematodes and the community structure. The enrichment index and structural index of all the oil well nematodes were less than 50, indicating that all oil well nematodes were disturbed to a higher degree and the soil food web tended to degenerate. With the increasing sampling distance from the wellhead, there was no significant difference in the total number of nematodes, but the number of species in the nematode community increased, and the dominance index and diversity index increased gradually. The results show that the exploitation of oil wells has a certain impact on the soil nematode community, mining distance has a greater impact on the nematode community structure.