从波粒二象性原理出发 ,研究了用氖原子束计算全息技术制作任意纳米结构的基本原理和方法 ,克服了用激光梯度场控制原子堆积 ,只能制作单一点、线等周期性纳米结构的不足。分析讨论了原子全息与光学全息的区别 ,指出只有经激光冷却的原子束才满足全息技术所要求的相干条件和衍射条件。最后采用罗曼Ⅲ型迂回位相编码方法设计了氖原子束计算全息片 ,介绍了操纵氖原子束制作纳米任意结构的实验系统 Starting from the principle of wave-particle duality, the basic principle and method of making any nanostructures by using neon atomic beam holographic technique are studied. By using laser gradient field to control atomic stacking, we can only make single-point, line-like periodic nanostructures Insufficient. The difference between atomic holography and optical holography is analyzed and discussed, and it is pointed out that only the laser-cooled atomic beam satisfies the coherence and diffraction conditions required by the holographic technique. At last, the atom-beam computing holographic plate is designed by the Romans Ⅲ roundabout phase encoding method, and the experimental system for manipulating the neon atom beam to fabricate any nano-structure