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在名词性从句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句的学习与应用，应着重掌握以下八个方面：
一、 引导词的选用
引导宾语从句的词称为引导词。
引导词又分为：连接词、连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接词：that, whether, if，其中that没有任何意义，只起连接作用，不能作句子的任何成分，在非正式的场合常被省略；whether, if虽然不作句子的任何成分，但是它们本身有一定的意义（是否），不能省略。
2. 连接代词有：what, who, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whom, whose。
3. 连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however。
4. 短语连接词有：how much, how many, how long, how far, how often, how soon。
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句跟其它主语从句、表语从句一样，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语+其他。
例 This picture shows what our village looks like.
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.
三、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态一般与主句的时态一致，即：当主句为一般现在时的时候，从句可根据具体情况选用各种合适的时态；当主句为一般过去时的时候，从句必需用相应的过去时态，即所谓的“时态呼应”。
例I don’t know what happened during my absence.
He said he hadn’t been to the United States before.
但是，当宾语的内容表示一种永恒的客观事实或真理时，宾语从句必须用一般现在时。
例The geography teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth once a month.
四、宾语从句的语气
1. 宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是当主句的谓语动词为表示坚持（如insist）、建议（如suggest, advise, propose）、要求（如ask, require, request, demand,）、命令（如order, command）等意义的动词时，从句要用虚拟语气，即：should+动词原形，should往往省略。
例The doctor suggested to him that he (should) reduce her food for each meal in order to lose weight.
The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or woman, （should）have his car checked once a year.
2. 动词wish后跟的宾语从句也用虚拟语气，表示一种愿望。若指现在的情况，从句谓语动词用过去式；若表示过去的情况，从句谓语动词用had+过去分词；若表示将来的情况，从句谓语动词用would (could, should)+动词原形。
例I can’t send her an invitation. I wish I knew her telephone number.
How I wish I hadn’t made a single mistake in the last test.
I can’t hear Mr. Smith clearly. I wish he could speak louder.
但当动词suggest表示“表明”，insist表示“认为”时，从句则用陈述语气。
例When I suggested having dinner with him, he smiled, which suggested he agreed.
The young man insisted that he had done nothing wrong and that he should be set free.
五、宾语从句的位置
1. 宾语从句一般位于及物动词或介词之后，that引导的从句，除可作介词in, but, except的宾语外，一般不作其它介词的宾语。
例Human beings differ from animals in that human beings can think.
I know nothing about him except that he began to work in a factory at the age of ten.
2. 当动词后带有宾语补足语时，须用it作形式宾语，置于动词之后，而将真正的宾语从句移到宾语补足语之后。
例Maria found it necessary that she gave half of her salary to her mother.
Don’t you think it possible that so few people will finish so much work in such a short time?
六、宾语从句的否定
当否定宾语从句时，一般直接将从句谓语动词变为否定形式。
例I hope you were not hurt in the fight.
She said she couldn’t work out the problems by herself.
但当主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine，时态为一般现在时，宾语从句的否定应转移到主句的谓语动词上，即“否定转移”。
例I don’t think there is anything else I need.
He doesn’t think he can give you an immediate reply.
七、宾语从句的特殊疑问句
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine,suggest等动词，而且用特殊疑问词对从句提问时，特殊疑问词位于句首，主句用疑问语序，而从句要用陈述句语序。
例He suggests that we should have another meeting to discuss the problem.
→ What does she suggest we should do?
I believe she will leave for Los Angles next week.
→ When do you believe she will leave for Los Angles?
八、宾语从句的省略
believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like(love), be afraid等动词后接宾语从句用于简略回答中，常用so来替代肯定从句，用not来替代否定从句。表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。
例 --- Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?
--- Yes, I think so.
--- Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
--- I believe not.
注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose， guess) not，也可以说I don’t believe ( think, suppose， guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope ( expect) not以及I’m afraid not。
【巩固性练习】
1. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty ______ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown
B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow
D. his daughter had grown
2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whoever
C. whomever D. no matter who
3. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
--- I wonderwe can do about it.
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
4. Eat____ you like and leave the others for_____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
5. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. what
C. after D. when
6. --- How do you _______ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
--- I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
7. Jane’s pale face suggested that she___ ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
8. _____ be sent to work here?
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
9. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?
A. do I B. don’t I
C. will they D. won’t they
10. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. doesn’t she D. does she
11. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
A. take as grantedB. take this for granted
C. take that for grantedD. take it for granted
12. I think Father would like to know _______ I’ve been up to so far; so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why
C. what D. how
13. 1 have always been honest and straightforward, and I don’t care ______ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom
14. The pen I ____ I ______is not my desk, right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
15. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ________ office soon.
A. will leave B. would leave
C. has left D. had left
16. --- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
---Oh, how nice!Do you know when she___?
A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left D. left
17. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how
C. such D. so
18. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
19. --- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, ________.
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
20. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they？
--- _______.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess it D. I guess not
key
1－--5 DBCCB 6---10 CBACD
11－－－15 DCBBB 16－－－20 DBCCD
一、 引导词的选用
引导宾语从句的词称为引导词。
引导词又分为：连接词、连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接词：that, whether, if，其中that没有任何意义，只起连接作用，不能作句子的任何成分，在非正式的场合常被省略；whether, if虽然不作句子的任何成分，但是它们本身有一定的意义（是否），不能省略。
2. 连接代词有：what, who, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whom, whose。
3. 连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however。
4. 短语连接词有：how much, how many, how long, how far, how often, how soon。
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句跟其它主语从句、表语从句一样，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语+其他。
例 This picture shows what our village looks like.
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.
三、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态一般与主句的时态一致，即：当主句为一般现在时的时候，从句可根据具体情况选用各种合适的时态；当主句为一般过去时的时候，从句必需用相应的过去时态，即所谓的“时态呼应”。
例I don’t know what happened during my absence.
He said he hadn’t been to the United States before.
但是，当宾语的内容表示一种永恒的客观事实或真理时，宾语从句必须用一般现在时。
例The geography teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth once a month.
四、宾语从句的语气
1. 宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是当主句的谓语动词为表示坚持（如insist）、建议（如suggest, advise, propose）、要求（如ask, require, request, demand,）、命令（如order, command）等意义的动词时，从句要用虚拟语气，即：should+动词原形，should往往省略。
例The doctor suggested to him that he (should) reduce her food for each meal in order to lose weight.
The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or woman, （should）have his car checked once a year.
2. 动词wish后跟的宾语从句也用虚拟语气，表示一种愿望。若指现在的情况，从句谓语动词用过去式；若表示过去的情况，从句谓语动词用had+过去分词；若表示将来的情况，从句谓语动词用would (could, should)+动词原形。
例I can’t send her an invitation. I wish I knew her telephone number.
How I wish I hadn’t made a single mistake in the last test.
I can’t hear Mr. Smith clearly. I wish he could speak louder.
但当动词suggest表示“表明”，insist表示“认为”时，从句则用陈述语气。
例When I suggested having dinner with him, he smiled, which suggested he agreed.
The young man insisted that he had done nothing wrong and that he should be set free.
五、宾语从句的位置
1. 宾语从句一般位于及物动词或介词之后，that引导的从句，除可作介词in, but, except的宾语外，一般不作其它介词的宾语。
例Human beings differ from animals in that human beings can think.
I know nothing about him except that he began to work in a factory at the age of ten.
2. 当动词后带有宾语补足语时，须用it作形式宾语，置于动词之后，而将真正的宾语从句移到宾语补足语之后。
例Maria found it necessary that she gave half of her salary to her mother.
Don’t you think it possible that so few people will finish so much work in such a short time?
六、宾语从句的否定
当否定宾语从句时，一般直接将从句谓语动词变为否定形式。
例I hope you were not hurt in the fight.
She said she couldn’t work out the problems by herself.
但当主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine，时态为一般现在时，宾语从句的否定应转移到主句的谓语动词上，即“否定转移”。
例I don’t think there is anything else I need.
He doesn’t think he can give you an immediate reply.
七、宾语从句的特殊疑问句
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine,suggest等动词，而且用特殊疑问词对从句提问时，特殊疑问词位于句首，主句用疑问语序，而从句要用陈述句语序。
例He suggests that we should have another meeting to discuss the problem.
→ What does she suggest we should do?
I believe she will leave for Los Angles next week.
→ When do you believe she will leave for Los Angles?
八、宾语从句的省略
believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like(love), be afraid等动词后接宾语从句用于简略回答中，常用so来替代肯定从句，用not来替代否定从句。表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。
例 --- Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?
--- Yes, I think so.
--- Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
--- I believe not.
注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose， guess) not，也可以说I don’t believe ( think, suppose， guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope ( expect) not以及I’m afraid not。
【巩固性练习】
1. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty ______ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown
B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow
D. his daughter had grown
2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whoever
C. whomever D. no matter who
3. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
--- I wonderwe can do about it.
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
4. Eat____ you like and leave the others for_____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
5. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. what
C. after D. when
6. --- How do you _______ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
--- I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
7. Jane’s pale face suggested that she___ ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
8. _____ be sent to work here?
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
9. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?
A. do I B. don’t I
C. will they D. won’t they
10. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. doesn’t she D. does she
11. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
A. take as grantedB. take this for granted
C. take that for grantedD. take it for granted
12. I think Father would like to know _______ I’ve been up to so far; so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why
C. what D. how
13. 1 have always been honest and straightforward, and I don’t care ______ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom
14. The pen I ____ I ______is not my desk, right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
15. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ________ office soon.
A. will leave B. would leave
C. has left D. had left
16. --- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
---Oh, how nice!Do you know when she___?
A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left D. left
17. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how
C. such D. so
18. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
19. --- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, ________.
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
20. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they？
--- _______.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess it D. I guess not
key
1－--5 DBCCB 6---10 CBACD
11－－－15 DCBBB 16－－－20 DBCCD