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【目的】分析儿童闭塞性细支气管炎（bronchiolitis obliterans ，BO ）临床特征、病原特点、影像特点、治疗及转归。【方法】回顾性分析本院呼吸科2012年4月至2013年12月18例BO患儿临床资料。【结果】①发病年龄最小4个月，2岁以内15例（83．3％），男女之比2．6∶1。②临床表现不同程度的持续喘息（18例，100％），反复咳嗽（15例，83．3％）。③13例（72．2％）病原学检测阳性，肺炎支原体（M P）9例，腺病毒（ADV ）8例，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）3例，鼻病毒（RV）1例。④胸部X线平片：肺纹理增粗4例（22．2％），肺炎样改变14例（77．8％），胸部高分辨C T （H RC T ）18例（100％）均有“马赛克征”。⑤经雾化、口服激素及低剂量阿奇霉素治疗，13例（72．2％）临床症状明显改善，5例（27．8％）仅部分改善。【结论】①BO以2岁内患儿多见，男孩多于女孩。②临床特点主要表现为长期持续性喘息，但缺乏特异性。③M P、ADV是儿童BO发生的重要病原，MP、ADV感染所致的重症肺炎可能是BO发生的危险因素。④胸部X线平片诊断价值不大，HRCT提示的典型马赛克征是诊断BO的重要征象。⑤雾化、口服全身激素可改善临床症状，但目前总的治疗效果不理想。“,”Objective]To analyze the clinical characteristics ,pathogen profiles ,imaging features ,thera‐peutic modalities and clinical outcomes of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children .[Methods]Retrospective analyses were conducted for 18 BO children treated at our department during April‐December 2013 .[Results]① The minimal onset age was 4 months .There were 13 boys and 5 girls (2 .6∶1) .And 15 (83 .3% ) of them were aged under 2 years ;② The common clinical characteristics included persistent wheezing of varying sever‐ity (n =18 ,100% ) and long‐term cough (n =15 ,83 .3% );③Pathogen detection was positive in 13 cases (72 .2% ) ,including mycoplasma (MP ,n =9) ,adenovirus (ADV ,n =8) ,respiratory syncytial virus (n =3) ,rhinovirus (n = 1);④ Chest radiology showed accentuated pulmonary markings (n = 4 ,22 .2% ) and changes of bronchopneumonia (n =14 ,77 .8% ) .And high‐resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT ) demonstrated a Westermark sign (n =18 ,100% );⑤ All patients received oral corticosteroid and low‐dose azithromycin .And their clinical symptoms improved significantly (n = 13 ,72 .2% ) or partially (n = 5 , 27 .8% ) .[Conclusion]①The BO patients are generally under 2 years .And it is more common in boys ;②Non‐specific manifestations include persistent wheezing and long‐term cough;③ MP and ADV are two important pathogens of BO .And severe pneumonia caused by MP and ADV infections may be a risk factor for the occur‐rence of BO ;④ Chest radiology provides insufficient diagnostic information .A typical Westermark sign on HRCT is helpful;⑤Atomization and oral systemic corticosteroids improve clinical symptoms ,but the overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory .