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目的了解娄底市麻疹流行特征,为有效控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法监测系统数据库收集个案资料,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测IgM和IgG抗体。Excel和SPSS作统计分析。结果1978-2006年共报告麻疹32642例,年均发病率30.71/10万,各时段各县市区发病率差异极显著。29年共报告麻疹死亡79例,病死率0.24%。整个发病趋势呈从高到低而后回升,分为3个时段,第I时段形成3个高峰之后,1987-2000年一路走低,至2004年再度形成一个相对高峰。1991-2006年整个发病季节集中在3～6月;但2004年回升高,发时发病高峰在2～4月。人群分布5岁以下儿童占60.47%,散居儿童占总数的55.48%。29年麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种率为71.50%～99.76%,发病率与MV接种率呈明显负相关,免疫监测结果麻疹IgG总阳性率91.18%。2005-2006年病例有明确免疫史者仅为15.30%。结论娄底市麻疹发病率总体下降89.14%,近年回升较明显,上升原因主要为规划免疫滑坡,存在免疫空白人群。最近的较高流行年份,发病季节早而流行强度大,为典型的小年龄发病模式。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Loudi and provide a scientific basis for effective control of measles. Methods The system databases were collected for the collection of case data. The IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Excel and SPSS for statistical analysis. Results A total of 32 642 cases of measles were reported from 1978 to 2006, with an average annual incidence of 30.71 / 100 000. The incidence of measles in each county in each time period was significantly different. A total of 79 cases of measles death were reported in 29 years with a case fatality rate of 0.24%. The whole disease trend showed a rise from high to low and then rose back into three periods. After three peaks were formed in the first period, the peak was all the way down from 1987 to 2000 and again reached a relative peak in 2004. From 1991 to 2006, the whole season of onset concentrated in March to June. However, it returned to high in 2004 and peaked at February to April. Population distribution Children under 5 years accounted for 60.47%, scattered children accounted for 55.48% of the total. The vaccination rate of live attenuated measles vaccine in 29 years was 71.50% -99.76%. The incidence of MV was negatively correlated with the vaccination rate of MV. The total positive rate of measles IgG was 91.18%. 2005-2006 cases have a clear history of immunization was only 15.30%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Loudi City dropped by 89.14% in general, and recovered more obviously in recent years. The main reason for the increase was the planned immunization landslide and the existence of immune blank population. The recent high prevalence of the year, early onset of the epidemic intensity of the epidemic, a typical model of age-related morbidity.