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1.测定了国内外42个小麦品种与黑麦杂交的亲和力,结果,有7个原产于我国的小麦品种,其杂交结实率达到50%以上,有3个中国小麦品种,与供试的大多数国外品种一样,较难与黑麦杂交。2.小麦与黑麦杂交亲和力的高低,主要取决于亲本的基因型。杂交亲和力低,在一些品种中表现为完全显性,在另一些品种中,表现为不存在显性。本试验结果,看不出小麦的穗形与杂交亲和力有密切的关系。3.黑麦花粉在杂交亲和力不同的小麦品种的柱头上,均能正常发芽。4.小黑麦不同品系的结实率与饱满度,存在着明显的差别,这种差别是遗传的。5.小黑麦品系内的结实率与饱满度,也常出现变异,这是由于发生天然杂交,以及因 细胞学行为不正常,使后代染色体数量发生变化所致。6.在比较了几种结实率考查方法的基础上,提出了使用取样调查法的建议。7.在讨论中认为,导致小黑麦结实率低与籽粒不饱满,有遗传的原因与细胞学的原因。作者认为,配制具有遗传差别的大量小黑麦品系,从中选出优系进行品系间杂交,是提高结实率与籽粒饱满度的基本途径。8.小黑麦并不一定具有抗锈性。小麦亲本的抗病力,对小黑麦有较大的影响。因而在选择杂交亲本时,应该考虑到小麦亲本的抗病性。
1. Determination of the domestic and foreign 42 wheat varieties and rye hybrid affinity, the results, there are 7 native to China’s wheat varieties, the seed setting rate of 50% or more, there are three Chinese wheat varieties, and the test Like most foreign varieties, it is harder to cross with rye. The level of crossbreeding affinity between wheat and rye depends mainly on the genotype of the parent. Hybrids have low affinities, are completely dominant in some varieties, and do not appear dominant in others. The results of this experiment, can not see the spike shape of wheat and hybrid affinity are closely related. 3. Rye pollen germinates normally on the stigma of different hybrid wheat varieties. 4. The trituration rate and plumpness of different triticale strains have obvious differences, which is genetic. 5. Seed setting and plumpness in triticale also occur frequently due to natural crosses and the consequent change in chromosome numbers due to abnormal cytology. Based on the comparison of several test methods, this paper puts forward the suggestion of using sampling method. 7. In the discussion, it is believed that the reasons for the low seed setting rate and incomplete grain filling are genetic reasons and cytology. The authors believe that the preparation of a large number of genetically different triticale strains, from which you choose the best lines for cross between lines, is to improve the seed setting rate and grain fullness of the basic way. Triticale does not necessarily have rust resistance. Disease resistance of wheat parents have a greater impact on triticale. Therefore, the selection of hybrid parents, wheat parents should take into account the disease resistance.