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目的研究儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与非ADHD儿童体内脂肪酸水平差异及膳食补充n-3类脂肪酸对ADHD儿童体内脂肪酸水平的影响作用。方法在1 555名2~5年级学生中筛选出ADHD儿童79名,取50名非ADHD儿童作为对照,采集静脉血分析其脂肪酸差异。采用随机对照试验(RCT)原则,将ADHD儿童随机分为干预组和对照组,采用不同浓度的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)膳食补充干预3个月,观察干预后脂代谢改善情况。结果ADHD儿童血红细胞膜的饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)中的C15∶0、C16∶0、C20∶0,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)中的C15∶1、C18∶1、C20∶1、C24∶1及PUFAs中的亚油酸C18∶2 n-6(LA)明显高于非ADHD组儿童(P<0.05);花生四烯酸C20∶4 n-6(AA)、二十碳五烯酸C20∶5 n-3(EPA)及C22∶4(n-6)低于非ADHD组儿童。ADHD儿童补充n-3PUFAs后,体内α-亚麻酸C18∶3 n-3(ALA)、C24∶0、二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6 n-3(DHA)及n-3PUFAs水平显著提高,n-6PUFAs、n-6/n-3比例则显著降低。结论ADHD与非ADHD儿童体内的脂肪酸组成存在差异,补充n-3类脂肪酸可提高ADHD儿童体内n-3类脂肪酸水平,同时降低n-6/n-3比例。
Objective To investigate the difference of fatty acid levels in children with ADHD and non-ADHD and the effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on the level of fatty acids in children with ADHD. Methods A total of 795 children with ADHD were screened out from 1 555 grade 2 to grade 5 students. Fifty non-ADHD children were selected as controls. Blood samples were collected for analysis of fatty acid differences. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were used to divide ADHD children into two groups randomly: intervention group and control group. Supplemented with different concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for 3 months. The improvement of lipid metabolism after intervention was observed. Results C15: 0, C16: 0, C20: 0, C15: 1, C18: 1, C20: 1, C24: 1 in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) C18: 2 n-6 (LA) of linoleic acid in PUFAs was significantly higher than that in non-ADHD children (P <0.05); arachidonic acid C20: 4 n-6 5 n-3 (EPA) and C22: 4 (n-6) were lower in children than in non-ADHD children. Levels of α-linolenic acid C18: 3 n-3 (ALA), C24:0, docosahexaenoic acid C22: 6 n-3 (DHA) and n-3 PUFAs were significantly increased in ADHD children after n-3 PUFAs supplementation , n-6PUFAs, n-6 / n-3 ratio was significantly reduced. Conclusion The fatty acid composition in children with ADHD and non-ADHD is different. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids can increase n-3 fatty acid levels and reduce n-6 / n-3 ratio in children with ADHD.