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受20世纪下半叶以来兴起的全球史思潮的影响,海洋史研究的方法和理路发生了诸多转变,“新海洋史”正悄然形成。第一,新海洋史的研究视角由陆地本位转向以海洋为中心,即从海洋活动群体的角度观察思考问题,而不是站在陆地看海洋。第二,新海洋史的本质特征是把海洋当作互动区(或者说流动的网络)来研究,这与以前通常仅把海洋当作交往的通道有着重大的不同。从空间上说,新海洋史的研究对象包括作为通道的水面(即“网线”)以及沿岸的港口城市和岛屿(即网上的“结”);从研究主题来说,涉及远程贸易、移民和离散社群、思想文化交流等方面;从研究特色来说,所关注的是人在这种网络形成和运行中所发挥的作用以及网络运行的机制。第三,新海洋史把近代以来的海洋史视为西方融入既有的海洋网络、与当地人不断互动的历史进程。这一特色在近年来的印度洋史研究中充分体现出来。
Influenced by the trend of global history that has arisen in the second half of the 20th century, many changes have taken place in the methods and principles of ocean history research. The “new ocean history” is now being quietly formed. First, from the perspective of land-based research, the study of the history of the new ocean has shifted from a land-based perspective to an ocean-based perspective, that is, from the point of view of marine groups, thinking rather than standing on land to see the ocean. Second, the essential feature of the new maritime history is the study of the oceans as an area of interaction (or mobile network) that differs significantly from the previous passages that were generally used to deal with the oceans only. Spatially speaking, the study object of the new ocean history includes the water surface (ie “network cable”) as the channel and the coastal port cities and islands along the coast (ie the “Internet”); from the research topic, Trade, immigration and discrete communities, and ideological and cultural exchanges. From the research characteristics, the focus is on the role that people play in the formation and operation of such networks and the mechanism of network operation. Third, the history of the oceans and seas as a history of the oceans and seas since modern times has been regarded as the historical process of the West’s integration into the existing maritime networks and its ongoing interaction with the locals. This feature is fully reflected in recent years in the history of the Indian Ocean.