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长期以来,认为在危重护理组中约有1/4—1/2的病例发生医源性感染。许多环境和生理因素的影响使危重病例容易患医源性感染,所以在住院期间,危重护理组比其他护理组的医源性感染要高得多。下列因素常使危重护理的医源性感染的危险性增高:1.异常的细胞免疫:如何杰金氏病及其他淋巴组织瘤,接受皮质类甾醇或抗淋巴细胞球蛋白治疗的病人、尿毒症。2.异常的吞噬细胞功能:如糖尿病、急性白血病,接受皮质类甾醇、细胞毒素或烷基化药物治疗的病人、营养不良。3.异常的抗体功能:如慢性淋巴细胞白血病,组织细胞淋巴瘤,先天性低丙种球蛋白血症,多发性骨髓瘤。4.屏障功能障碍:如创伤、褥疮溃疡、侵入性医疗过程、皮肤病、血管机能不全。
For a long time, iatrogenic infections have been found in about 1 in 4 to 1 in 2 critically ill care groups. Many environmental and physiologic factors make iatrogenic infections more likely to occur in critically ill patients, so iatrogenic infections in critically ill care groups are much higher than those in other care groups during hospitalization. The following factors often increase the risk of iatrogenic infection in critically ill patients: 1. Abnormal cellular immunity: How to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease and other lymphoid tissue tumors, corticosteroids or anti-lymphocyte globulin, uremia . 2. Abnormal phagocytic function: malnutrition in patients with diabetes, acute leukemia, corticosteroids, cytotoxic or alkylating agents. Abnormal antibody function: such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, congenital hypogammaglobulinemia, multiple myeloma. 4. barrier dysfunction: such as trauma, decubitus ulcers, invasive medical procedures, skin diseases, vascular insufficiency.