肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)是由卡氏肺孢子菌引起的严重机会性感染。在反转录病毒治疗前,肺孢子菌肺炎在免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中发病率高达70%~80%,也是其重要死因。近年来,因器官移植、化疗、激素及细胞毒性药物的应用导致非HIV感染者的肺孢子菌肺炎发病率明显增高,病死率高达30%~50%[1]。有研究显示,与免疫缺陷病毒感染者相比,HIV阴性患者感染肺孢子菌肺炎病情更重,病死率更高[2]。因 Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a severe opportunistic infection caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Prior to retrovirus treatment, pneumococcal pneumonia in immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons as high as 70% to 80% incidence, but also an important cause of death. In recent years, due to the application of organ transplantation, chemotherapy, hormones and cytotoxic drugs, the incidence of pneumosporidium pneumonia in non-HIV infected persons has been significantly increased, and the case fatality rate is as high as 30% -50% [1]. Studies have shown that HIV-negative patients have more severe pneumococcal pneumonia and a higher case-fatality rate than immunodeficiency virus-infected patients [2]. because