有一点很明显,尽管注重读者的文学批评的理论家们在许多问题上存在着分歧,但他们在这一点上是一致的,即都反对那种认为意义生来就完整地、独立地存在于文学文本之中的说法。这种反对意见的表现范围从对文本独立性的理论作出种种轻微的限制起,一直伸延到对客观性概念的猛烈抨击,它似乎代表了向新批评派理论主张——“诗本身就是特定的评判对象”①——发动的一场围剿。在读者反应批评运动的文献中,这场围剿有时候自我标榜为一次文艺批评革命:形式主义宣告死亡,读者个 It is clear that although many theorists who focus on the literary criticism of the readers are divided on many issues, they are all in opposition to the idea that the meaning is born complete and independent in literature The text of the argument. The scope of this objection, ranging from slight restrictions on the theory of textual independence, to the violent attack on the concept of objectivity, appears to represent a claim to neo-critical theory that “the poem itself is specific Judgment ”① - launched a siege. In the literature of reader reaction criticism campaigns, this campaign of encirclement sometimes self-proclaimed itself as a revolution in literary criticism: formalism declared dead and readers