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目的:研究超临界CO_2流体提取瓜馥木挥发油的条件,并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的瓜馥木挥发油化学成分进行比较研究。方法:主要探讨压力、温度、时间、流量等条件对萃取率的影响,确定超临界CO_2萃取瓜馥木挥发油的最佳条件;采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法对超临界CO_2流体提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取的挥发油进行了化学成分的分析鉴定,用峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对百分含量。结果:瓜馥木挥发油的最佳萃取压力为30 MPa,温度为55℃,萃取时间4 h,CO_2流量为30 L/h;解析釜Ⅰ压力为12 MPa,温度为50℃;解析釜Ⅱ压力为5 MPa,温度为40℃。超临界CO_2提取的挥发油中,从解析釜Ⅰ提取物中共鉴定出49种化学成分,占总量的84.30%,主要成分为β-石竹烯(34.03%);从解析釜Ⅱ提取物中共鉴定21种化学成分,占总量的87.54%,主要成分为肉豆蔻酸(37.07%);从水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中共鉴定出41种化学成分,占总量的25.09%,其主要成分为烃类。结论:两种提取方法得到的瓜馥木挥发油组分大致相近,但含量有较大差异,超临界CO_2萃取法更适合提取瓜馥木挥发油。
OBJECTIVE: To study the extraction conditions of volatile oil from melon in supercritical CO2 fluid and to compare the chemical constituents of the volatile oil extracted from melon by steam distillation. Methods: The effects of pressure, temperature, time and flow rate on the extraction rate were studied. The optimal conditions for the extraction of volatile oil from melon were found by supercritical CO_2 extraction. The supercritical CO_2 fluid was extracted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) And volatile oil extracted by steam distillation chemical composition of the identification, peak area normalization method to calculate the relative percentage of each component. Results: The optimal extraction pressure of volatile oil from melon was 30 MPa, the temperature was 55 ℃, the extraction time was 4 h and the flow rate of CO 2 was 30 L / h. The pressure of reactor Ⅰ was 12 MPa and the temperature was 50 ℃. 5 MPa and a temperature of 40 ° C. Among the volatile oil extracted from supercritical CO_2, 49 kinds of chemical components were identified from the extract of autoclave I, accounting for 84.30% of the total, and the main component was β-caryophyllene (34.03%). The chemical constituents accounted for 87.54% of the total, and the main component was myristic acid (37.07%). A total of 41 chemical constituents were identified from the volatile oil extracted by steam distillation, accounting for 25.09% of the total. The main constituents were hydrocarbons class. Conclusion: The components of the essential oil of melon are similar to each other, but their content is quite different. The supercritical CO_2 extraction is more suitable for the extraction of the volatile oil of melon.