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目的调查长沙5~15岁在校女孩性征发育的现况、自1990年来的时代变化,以及目前性早熟的发生率。方法分层群体抽样2012年5月至11月长沙城、郊区小学和初中女孩4610名,年龄5~15岁,青春发育的分级按Tanner法,发育年龄的统计用概率单位回归法,并与长沙市1989年9月至1990年9月儿童性征发育情况进行比较。结果长沙城区女孩初潮12.1岁;乳房始发育9.3岁及成人型13.5岁;阴毛始现11.5岁及成人型17.7岁;腋毛始现12.2岁及成人型17.7岁。2012年女孩乳房开始发育的年龄城区比郊区早0.5岁、比1990年早0.6岁,初潮年龄城区比郊区早0.3岁、比1990年早0.8岁。女孩总体性早熟发生率1.97%,其中城区2.36%,郊区1.25%;城区女孩乳房早发育率1.73%,高于郊区(0.75%)。所有上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长沙城区女孩青春发育及初潮年龄均有明显时代提前趋势,女孩青春发育开始时间城区明显早于郊区,女孩性早熟发生率城区明显高于郊区,但个体差异较大。
Objective To investigate the status of sexual development of girls aged 5 ~ 15 years old in Changsha, the changes since 1990 and the current prevalence of precocious puberty. Methods Stratified group sampling 4610 primary and junior high school girls in Changsha City and suburban areas from May to November 2012 were aged 5 to 15 years old. The grading of puberty was analyzed by Tanner method and the age-specific statistics were calculated by means of probability units. City September 1989 to September 1990 compared the development of sexual characteristics of children. Results The prevalence of males was 12.1 years in Changsha city. The age of onset of breast was 13.5 years in adults and 13.5 years in adults. The pubic hair was 11.5 years old and 17.7 years old in adults. The armpit hair was 12.2 years old and 17.7 years old in adults. In 2012, the age at which girls’ breasts began to develop was 0.5 years earlier than the suburbs and 0.6 years earlier than in 1990. The urban menarche was 0.3 years earlier than the suburbs and 0.8 years earlier than in 1990. The overall incidence of girls precocious 1.97%, of which 2.36% in urban areas, suburbs 1.25%; urban girls breast early development rate of 1.73%, higher than the suburbs (0.75%). All the above differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The age of girls in Changsha city and early menarche age are obviously ahead of the times. The beginning of girl ’s youth development is earlier than that of the suburbs. The incidence of precocious puberty in girls is obviously higher than that in the suburbs, but the differences among the individuals are larger.