The utilization of diagnosis to guide/aid therapy procedures has shown great prospects in the era of personalized medicine along with the recognition of tumor heterogeneity and complexity.Herein,a kind of multifunctional silicon-based nanostructure,i.e.,gold nanoparticles-decorated fluorescent silicon nanorods (Au@SiNRs),is fabricated and exploited for tumor-targeted multimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy.In particular,the prepared Au@SiNRs feature high photothermal conversion efficiency (～ 43.9％) and strong photothermal stability (photothermal performance stays constant after five-cycle NIR laser irradiation),making them high-performance agents for simultaneously photoacoustic and infrared thermal imaging.The Au@SiNRs are readily modifled with targeting peptide ligands,enabling an enhanced tumor accumulation with a high value of～ 8.74％ ID g-1.Taking advantages of these unique merits,the Au@SiNRs are superbly suitable for specifically ablating tumors in vivo without appreciable toxicity under the guidance of multimodal imaging.Typically,all the mice treated with the Au@SiNRs remain alive,and no distinct tumor recurrence is observed during 60-day investigation.