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介绍了分子信标设计和分子信标核酸检测原理、技术特性和在基因突变大规模自动化检测中的应用．分子信标是一种基于荧光共振能量转移现象设计的发卡型寡核苷酸探针，空间结构上呈茎环结构，环序列是与靶核酸互补的探针，茎序列由与靶序列无关的互补序列构成，茎的一端连上荧光分子，另一端连上淬灭分子．通过空间结构改变决定分子信标发射荧光特性，从而对核酸进行定量检测．分子信标技术具有操作简单、敏感、特异、可对核酸进行液相实时检测和对活体内核酸动态进行检测等特点，已应用于ＨＩＶ辅助受体基因等基因突变的大规模自动化检测，是一种新型核酸定量检测技术．
The molecular beacon design and molecular beacon nucleic acid detection principle, technical characteristics and application in the large-scale automated detection of gene mutation are introduced. Molecular beacons are hairpin-type oligonucleotide probes designed based on the phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. They have a stem-loop structure in spatial structure. The loop sequence is a probe complementary to the target nucleic acid. The stem sequence consists of a target sequence unrelated to Complementary sequences constitute, one end of the stem connected to fluorescent molecules, the other end connected to quencher molecules. Through the change of the spatial structure, the fluorescence characteristics of the molecular beacon emission are determined, and the nucleic acid is quantitatively detected. Molecular beacon technology has the characteristics of simple operation, sensitive and specific, real-time detection of nucleic acid in liquid phase and detection of nucleic acid in vivo. It has been used in large-scale automated detection of gene mutations such as HIV co-receptor gene New type of nucleic acid quantitative detection technology.