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在通用土壤流失方程的基础上,提出了土壤侵蚀系数和土壤保持系数的概念和计算方法,用其对南水北调中线工程水源区土壤侵蚀状况及生态效益进行了测评,结果表明:(1)自然条件影响下,研究区潜在土壤侵蚀量大且空间分布差异显著,中高山区远大于河谷盆地区。(2)研究区实际土壤侵蚀量较小,但土壤侵蚀系数较大且空间分布规律性强。人类水土保持措施与土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀贡献率高,低山丘陵区土壤侵蚀系数最大,局部可达0.6,中高山及盆地区相对较小。(3)中高山区水土保持效益略有增加;河谷盆地及低山丘陵区明显减小。(4)低山丘陵区应成为今后水土保护工作的重点监控和治理区,也是应重点考虑的生态补偿区。
Based on the universal soil loss equation, the concepts and calculation methods of soil erosion coefficient and soil conservation coefficient are put forward. The soil erosion status and ecological benefits in the water source area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project are evaluated. The results show that: (1) Under the influence, the potential soil erosion in the study area is large and the spatial distribution is significantly different. The middle and high mountain areas are much larger than the valley basin areas. (2) The actual soil erosion in the study area is small, but the soil erosion coefficient is larger and the spatial distribution regularity is stronger. The contribution rate of soil and water conservation measures and land use patterns to soil erosion is high. The coefficient of soil erosion in the hilly area is the largest, with a local up to 0.6 and a relatively small area in the middle and high mountains and the basin. (3) The benefits of soil and water conservation in middle and high mountain areas increased slightly; valley basin and hilly area obviously decreased. (4) Hilly areas should be the key areas for monitoring and management of water and soil conservation in the future, and should also be the key areas for ecological compensation.