众所周知,工业研究实验室是在19世纪后半叶,首先出现于德国的染料工业。由于这一时期化学在其技术的应用上得到的发展,超过其他任何科学(唯一可能例外的是作为物理学分支的力学)。作为化学工业分支的染料业之所以能够首先建立工业研究实验室,在很大程度上是由染料贸易的特点决定的。染料业作为纺织业和服装业的辅助产业,很容易受市场上不断变化的新颖流行款式及消费者的心理影响。新颖色彩的纺织品往往仅在两三年内受到欢 It is well known that industrial research laboratories first appeared in Germany’s dye industry in the latter half of the 19th century. Because of the development of its technology in this period of time, chemistry has outpaced any other science (the only possible exception being mechanics as a branch of physics). The ability of the dye industry, which is a branch of the chemical industry, to first establish an industrial research laboratory is largely determined by the characteristics of the dye trade. As an auxiliary industry in the textile and apparel industries, the dye industry is vulnerable to the ever-changing new styles of fashion and consumer psychology. New-colored textiles are often enjoyed only in two to three years.