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目的：评价通过鼻咽腔和直肠温度间接监测脑实质温度用于指导调节缺血性脑卒中患者低温治疗的降温速度及进程的准确性。方法采用诊断试验评价研究设计，以直接测量脑实质温度为金标准，选择神经内科监护室行低温治疗的缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象，自低温治疗前60 min开始，同时监测并记录脑实质温度、鼻咽腔温度和直肠温度的测量值，每60 min记录1次，直至低温治疗结束。结果共测得5850组温度，脑实质温度的范围为31.4℃~39.8℃，直肠温度与脑实质温度的kappa值为0.788，灵敏度、特异度和误判率分别为96.8%、82.0%和19.7%；鼻咽腔温度与脑实质温度的kappa值为0.901，灵敏度、特异度和误判率分别为97.6%、92.4%和10.1%。结论鼻咽腔和直肠温度均可通过间接监测脑实质温度用于指导调节缺血性脑卒中低温治疗的降温速度及进程，但鼻咽腔温度与脑实质温度的一致性更高。“,”Objective To evaluate validity of the nasopharyngeal and rectal temperature as an indirect brain temperature monitoring method in guiding the adjustment the process of patients with ischemic stroke underwent mild hypothermia therapy. Methods Diagnostic test study design was used, and direct measurement of brain temperature was selected as the gold standard. Patients with ischemic stroke and undergone mild hypothermia therapy in neurological ICU were recruited for this study. Brain temperature, nasopharyngeal temperature and rectal temperature were monitored simultaneously and recorded every 60 minutes, starting 60 minutes before the beginning of mild hypothermia therapy to the end of the therapy. Results 54 patients with ischemic stroke from June 2011 to December 2012 who met the inclusive and exclusive criteria were enrolled. Among them there were 32 male (59.3%) with an average age of 59.2 ( 9.3. 5850 pairs of temperature were obtained for analysis with the brain temperature ranging from 31.4℃ to 39.8℃ . The kappa value of rectal temperature and brain temperature was 0.788, with a sensitivity, specificity and false positive rate of 96.8%, 82%, and 19.7% respectively. The kappa value of nasopharyngeal temperature and brain temperature was 0.901 with a sensitivity, specificity, and false positive rate of 97.6%, 92.4%, and 10.1% respectively. Conclusions Both nasopharyngeal and rectal temperature can be used as an indirect brain temperature monitoring method to guide the adjustment of targeting temperature of mild hypothermia therapy for patients with ischemic stroke. Nasopharyngeal temperature, however, is a more accurate method in monitoring brain temperature.