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目的了解公众在严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)流行期间和流行结束后相关健康行为改变情况及影响因素,为今后应对突发传染病公共卫生事件时公众健康行为引导提供依据。方法根据流行强度不同,选择广州、太原和杭州作为研究地区。采用方便抽样的方法在每个地区抽取城市居民200人,农村居民200人,职业人群400人,合计2400人为调查对象,采用统一的自制问卷进行资料收集。结果获取2424份有效问卷,SARS 期间和 SARS 后公众健康行为的得分相关系数达0.782;CPSS 问卷显示健康危险性压力的发生率为39.3%;多元线形回归显示,控制了其他因素后,群体张力测量值、部分人口学特征和认知程度等因素对 SARS 期间公众健康行为得分的影响筹异具有统计学意义。结论公众在 SARS 期间相关健康行为发生正向改变,SARS 后一部分健康行为得以保持,某些健康行为发生减退。行为改变和保持受疾病流行情况、文化传统和行为的可变性程度等因素的影响。在今后应对突发公共卫生事件时,应该加强对公众心理和行为的引导,通过健康教育提高公众对相关知识和行为的认知程度,适当缓解公众的群体张力。
Objective To understand the changes and influencing factors of public health behaviors during and after the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and provide the basis for public health behavior guidance in the future when dealing with public health emergencies. Methods According to the prevalence of different intensity, choose Guangzhou, Taiyuan and Hangzhou as the research area. A convenient sampling method was used to draw 200 urban residents, 200 rural residents, 400 professional people and a total of 2,400 people in each region. The data were collected by a unified self-made questionnaire. Results A total of 2424 valid questionnaires were obtained. The correlation coefficient of public health behaviors during SARS and SARS was 0.782. The CPSS questionnaire showed that the incidence of health-risk stress was 39.3%. Multiple linear regression showed that after controlling for other factors, population tension measurement Value, partial demographic characteristics and cognitive level on the scores of public health behaviors during SARS were statistically significant. Conclusions Public health-related behaviors are positively changed during the SARS period. Some health behaviors are maintained after SARS and some health behaviors decline. Behavioral changes and maintenance are influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the disease, cultural traditions and the degree of variability in behavior. In the future to respond to public health emergencies, we should strengthen public psychology and behavior guidance, improve public awareness of relevant knowledge and behavior through health education, and appropriately alleviate the public’s group tension.