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淀山湖是上海市内陆水域最大的淡水湖泊,主要的淡水渔业水域和水产品来源地,也是重要的水生生物保护基地。为了评估增殖放流和生态环境变化对淀山湖鱼类群落结构变化的影响,本研究以2010-2012年淀山湖的渔业调查资料为基础,对该湖泊的鱼类优势种组成和多样性指数进行年际变化分析,并应用丰度生物量曲线方法对该湖的鱼类群落状况进行分析。结果表明:2010-2012年淀山湖鱼种类数基本稳定,基本鱼种组成变化不显著,优势鱼种组成趋势渐以小型鱼类为主;群落结构多样性指数年间差异不显著(P>0.05);ABC曲线显示2010-2012这三年淀山湖群落的数量优势度曲线均高于生物量的优势度曲线,鱼类群落结构仍处于严重干扰状态。因此,建议改善增殖放流鱼种和加强渔业管理,以维持淀山湖鱼类群落的稳定。
Dianshan Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the inland waters of Shanghai. It is also a major aquatic biological protection base, the main source of freshwater fishery waters and aquatic products. In order to assess the effects of multiplication and release of ecological environment on the changes of fish community structure in Dianshan Lake, this study, based on the data from the Fisheries Survey of Dianshan Lake from 2010 to 2012, conducted the study on the composition and diversity index of dominant species of fish in this lake And the abundance of biomass curve method to analyze the status of fish communities in the lake. The results showed that the number of fish species in Dianshan Lake was basically stable from 2010 to 2012 with no significant change in the composition of basic fish species, and the trend of dominant species was dominated by small-sized fish. There was no significant difference in the indices of community structure diversity (P> 0.05) . The ABC curve shows that the dominance curves of Dianshan Lake community over the three years from 2010 to 2010 are all higher than the dominance curve of biomass, and the fish community structure is still in a serious disturbance. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the proliferation and release of fish species and strengthen fishery management in order to maintain the stability of fish communities in Dianshan Lake.