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优良亲本的创制和利用能有效提高育种效率。文章对绵麦37及其衍生品种产量构成因子和抗病性进行比较鉴定,并利用SSR标记检测高产品种绵麦367遗传背景中绵麦37的遗传贡献。结果表明:衍生品种丰产性显著提高,穗粒数的增加是衍生品种增产的主要因素;绵麦37及其衍生品种高抗当前国内条锈菌主要流行小种,特别是高抗对Yr24/Yr26具有强毒性的条锈病新菌株V26;绵麦37优良的抗病性很好地传递给了后代品种;在绵麦367等后代品种的遗传背景中,绵麦37的遗传贡献率达78.9%,其中A、B、D基因组中的遗传率分别为75.0%、83.6%和74.2%,远高于理论值50.0%;衍生品种绵麦367与绵麦37相同染色体区段主要为2B的Xgwm374-Xbarc167-Xbarc128-Xgwm129-Xgwm388-Xbarc101,3B的Xwmc446-Xwmc366-Xwmc533-Xbarc164-Xwmc418等区段,这些区段包含了许多重要性状位点如穗粒数、千粒重和抗病性等。这可能是由于人工定向选择的结果,使那些与目标性状紧密连锁的位点被高频率保留下来。
The creation and utilization of excellent parents can effectively improve the breeding efficiency. In this paper, the yield components and disease resistance of Mianmai 37 and its derivative cultivars were compared and identified, and the genetic contribution of Mianmai 37 among high-yielding cultivars Mianmai 367 was detected by SSR markers. The results showed that the yield of derivative cultivars was significantly increased, and the increase of grains per spike was the main factor for yield increase of derivative cultivars. Mianmai 37 and its derivative cultivars were highly resistant to the current major races of stripe rust in China, especially the high resistance to Yr24 / Yr26 The new strain of virulent stripe rust V26; Mianmai 37 had good resistance to the offspring; the genetic contribution of Mianmai 37 was 78.9% in the genetic background of the progenies such as Mianmai 367, The inheritance rates of A, B and D genomes were 75.0%, 83.6% and 74.2% respectively, much higher than the theoretical value of 50.0%. Xgwm374-Xbarc167 -Xbarc128-Xgwm129-Xgwm388-Xbarc101,3B. These segments contain many important trait loci such as grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and disease resistance. This may be due to the result of artificial selection, which keeps those sites closely linked to the target trait preserved at high frequency.