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摘 要:“信、达、雅”原则虽然提出的时间较早,但这三个字较好地诠释了翻译的标准。《早发白帝城》的6个英文译本基本都做到了“信”的原则,但是在“达、雅”方面每个译本做得程度不一。笔者认为译本6忠实遵循了“信、达、雅”原则,堪称翻译之佳品。
关键词:翻译标准;信、达、雅
一、李白《早发白帝城》概述
《早发白帝城》是唐代伟大诗人李白在流放途中遇赦返回时所创作的一首七言绝句,是李白诗作中流传最广的名篇之一。诗人是把遇赦后愉快的心情和江山的壮丽多姿、顺水行舟的流畅轻快融为一体来表达的。全诗无不夸张和奇想,写得流丽飘逸,惊世骇俗,但又不假雕琢,随心所欲,自然天成。诗句原文如下:
早发白帝城
朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。
两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。
这首诗的意思是说清晨我告别高入云霄的白帝城;江陵远在千里船行只一日时间。两岸猿声还在耳边不停地啼叫;不知不觉轻舟已穿过万重青山。
二、《早发白帝城》英文译本的比较研究
译本1
Leaving White Emperor City at Dawn/At dawn amid colored clouds I left White Emperor City;/A thousand miles to Chiang_ling — — —I was there in a day !/Chattering monkeys on the cliffs , no end to their bawling./So the light boat slipped past the ten thousand mountains.
译本2
ailing Down to Chiang ling/ In the morning I leave Poti perched in the clouds./ The thousand li to Chiang-ling are compressed to a day./ Before the sailing of the apes on both banks ceases ,/The light boat has left behind unending mountains.
译本3
Early Departure from White King City/ At dawn we leave White King , its clouds all coloured ,/ For passage to Kiang-ling in one sun' s circuit:/ While both banks' gibbons cry calls still unceasing ,/ Our light boat has gone by many fold mountains.
译本4
Homeward !/ Good -bye to the city high in the rosy clouds of dawn./ Homeward , out the gorges , out today !/Let the apes wail. Go on ./ Out shoots my boat./ The serried mountains are all behind.
译本5
Going out of White Emperor City/ In the morning going out/ of White Emperor City , it was as if we went on clouds;/ from there to Kiang-ling is one thousand li , / but in one day the racing waters brought me down ; / from both banks we heard the cry of monkeys as my fragile boat swept past a maze of mountains.
译本6
Leaving the White Emperor Town at Dawn
Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud ,/ I' ve sailed a thousand miles through canyons in a day./ With monkeys' sad adieus the river banks are loud;/ My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away .
被誉为翻译界的前辈的严复认为翻译应该遵守“信、达、雅”原则。所谓的“信”就是翻译的译文和原文之间具有信度,翻译的译文应该最大限度的和原文等值。所谓的“达”是指翻译的译文能够为译文读者所理解达到读者的内心。所谓的“雅”是指翻译的译文不仅仅能够让读者理解而且要能够让读者根据其自身的语言文化知识感受到美感。
根据严复先生的翻译标准,上述6个版本的翻译各有千秋。译本1做到了“信”的原则,忠实的翻译了原文的意思,但是对原文所蕴含的主要思想没有侧重,所以在“达”和“雅”的方面做得不好。译本2和译本1一样,做到了忠实的原则,但是译本2在“达”和“雅”方面有欠缺,由其在“雅”的方面欠缺更多。译本3在“雅”的方面做得非常好,诗歌的翻译照顾了押韵,读来朗朗上口。译本4在“雅”的方面同样做得非常好,但是在“信”度方面做得不好,由其是“两岸猿声啼不住”这句诗,原文的意思是猴子自己的叫声不止。但是翻译之后变成了让猴子叫个不止,完全改变了诗歌的原意。译本5堪称翻译的神来之笔,因为这个译本首先完全忠实了原文的意思并且表达的程度几乎和原文等值,在“雅”的方面,做得更好,全诗几乎都是用了押韵,读来是一种享受。译本6在“雅”的方面做得不好,在“信”和“达”方面做得一般。整个翻译实属一般水平。
参考文献:
[1]Pavyne. R. The White Pony [M].New York: Mentor Book,1947
[2]Cooper , A. Li Po and Tu Fu.[M].Hong Kong: Penguin Books,1976
作者简介:
王晓辉(1977.1~ ),男,研究生学历,现为东北电力大学外国语学院讲师,主要研究方向为英美文学和英语教育。
关键词:翻译标准;信、达、雅
一、李白《早发白帝城》概述
《早发白帝城》是唐代伟大诗人李白在流放途中遇赦返回时所创作的一首七言绝句,是李白诗作中流传最广的名篇之一。诗人是把遇赦后愉快的心情和江山的壮丽多姿、顺水行舟的流畅轻快融为一体来表达的。全诗无不夸张和奇想,写得流丽飘逸,惊世骇俗,但又不假雕琢,随心所欲,自然天成。诗句原文如下:
早发白帝城
朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。
两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。
这首诗的意思是说清晨我告别高入云霄的白帝城;江陵远在千里船行只一日时间。两岸猿声还在耳边不停地啼叫;不知不觉轻舟已穿过万重青山。
二、《早发白帝城》英文译本的比较研究
译本1
Leaving White Emperor City at Dawn/At dawn amid colored clouds I left White Emperor City;/A thousand miles to Chiang_ling — — —I was there in a day !/Chattering monkeys on the cliffs , no end to their bawling./So the light boat slipped past the ten thousand mountains.
译本2
ailing Down to Chiang ling/ In the morning I leave Poti perched in the clouds./ The thousand li to Chiang-ling are compressed to a day./ Before the sailing of the apes on both banks ceases ,/The light boat has left behind unending mountains.
译本3
Early Departure from White King City/ At dawn we leave White King , its clouds all coloured ,/ For passage to Kiang-ling in one sun' s circuit:/ While both banks' gibbons cry calls still unceasing ,/ Our light boat has gone by many fold mountains.
译本4
Homeward !/ Good -bye to the city high in the rosy clouds of dawn./ Homeward , out the gorges , out today !/Let the apes wail. Go on ./ Out shoots my boat./ The serried mountains are all behind.
译本5
Going out of White Emperor City/ In the morning going out/ of White Emperor City , it was as if we went on clouds;/ from there to Kiang-ling is one thousand li , / but in one day the racing waters brought me down ; / from both banks we heard the cry of monkeys as my fragile boat swept past a maze of mountains.
译本6
Leaving the White Emperor Town at Dawn
Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud ,/ I' ve sailed a thousand miles through canyons in a day./ With monkeys' sad adieus the river banks are loud;/ My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away .
被誉为翻译界的前辈的严复认为翻译应该遵守“信、达、雅”原则。所谓的“信”就是翻译的译文和原文之间具有信度,翻译的译文应该最大限度的和原文等值。所谓的“达”是指翻译的译文能够为译文读者所理解达到读者的内心。所谓的“雅”是指翻译的译文不仅仅能够让读者理解而且要能够让读者根据其自身的语言文化知识感受到美感。
根据严复先生的翻译标准,上述6个版本的翻译各有千秋。译本1做到了“信”的原则,忠实的翻译了原文的意思,但是对原文所蕴含的主要思想没有侧重,所以在“达”和“雅”的方面做得不好。译本2和译本1一样,做到了忠实的原则,但是译本2在“达”和“雅”方面有欠缺,由其在“雅”的方面欠缺更多。译本3在“雅”的方面做得非常好,诗歌的翻译照顾了押韵,读来朗朗上口。译本4在“雅”的方面同样做得非常好,但是在“信”度方面做得不好,由其是“两岸猿声啼不住”这句诗,原文的意思是猴子自己的叫声不止。但是翻译之后变成了让猴子叫个不止,完全改变了诗歌的原意。译本5堪称翻译的神来之笔,因为这个译本首先完全忠实了原文的意思并且表达的程度几乎和原文等值,在“雅”的方面,做得更好,全诗几乎都是用了押韵,读来是一种享受。译本6在“雅”的方面做得不好,在“信”和“达”方面做得一般。整个翻译实属一般水平。
参考文献:
[1]Pavyne. R. The White Pony [M].New York: Mentor Book,1947
[2]Cooper , A. Li Po and Tu Fu.[M].Hong Kong: Penguin Books,1976
作者简介:
王晓辉(1977.1~ ),男,研究生学历,现为东北电力大学外国语学院讲师,主要研究方向为英美文学和英语教育。