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目的:了解和探讨姚安县0-1岁儿童营养状况,为有效干预该年龄段儿童提供理论基础。方法:采用填写调查表及现场测量的方法,对该县0-6岁儿童本身及其监护人(主要为儿童父母)进行调查。对不同性别及各年龄段儿童营养状况和导致营养不良发生因素进行分析。结果:男童低体重92(8.29%)例,消瘦61(5.50%)例、生长迟缓74(6.67%)例、超重32(2.89%)例、肥胖17(1.53%)例。女童低体重88(10.81%)例,消瘦49(6.02%)例、生长迟缓68(8.11%)例、超重24(2.94%)例、肥胖13(1.59%)例。两组在各项营养不良状态下儿童构成比均不存在统计学差异(p>0.05)。两组各营养不良状态儿童数量之间不存在统计学差异。(p>0.05)。各年龄段儿童龋齿、超重、肥胖发生率构成比中存在统计学差异(p<0.05)。3-4、4-5岁及5-6岁儿童龋齿患病率高于0-3岁儿童(p<0.05);5-6岁儿童超重、肥胖发生率高于其他三组(p<0.05);父母文化程度及对喂养知识的了解程度是儿童出现营养不良状况的保护因素(p<0.05)。结论:重视学龄前各阶段儿童进行科学喂养,加强对父母科学喂养及健康育儿知识健康教育,积极提倡科学饮食,同时通过适量的有氧运动是日后干预儿童营养健康状况的重要措施。
Objective: To understand and discuss the nutritional status of children aged 0-1 years in Yao’an County and provide the theoretical basis for effective intervention in this age group. Methods: A questionnaire survey and on-site survey were used to investigate the 0-6-year-old children and their guardians in the county, mainly their parents. Analysis of the nutritional status of children in different genders and ages and the factors leading to malnutrition. Results: The average prevalence rate of boys was 92 (8.29%) with weight loss of 61 (5.50%), growth retardation was 74 (6.67%), overweight was 32 (2.89%) and obesity was 17 (1.53%). The prevalence rate of girls was 88 (10.81%) cases, 49 cases of weight loss (6.02%), 68 cases of growth retardation (8.11%), 24 cases of overweight (2.94%) and 13 cases of obesity (1.59%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in children’s malnutrition (p> 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the number of undernourished children. (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the constituent ratios of dental caries, overweight and obesity in children of all ages (p <0.05). The prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3-4, 4-5 and 5-6 years old was higher than that in children aged 0-3 (p <0.05). The incidence of overweight and obesity in children 5-6 years old was higher than that in the other three groups (p <0.05 ); Parental education and knowledge of feeding knowledge were protective factors for malnutrition in children (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to pay attention to the scientific feeding of preschool children in all stages, to strengthen their knowledge of health education of parents’ scientific feeding and healthy childcare, and to promote scientific diet actively. At the same time, with adequate aerobic exercise is an important measure to interfere with children’s nutritional health in the future.