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战后日本海运造船业发展迅速,令世人瞩目。日本造船业在1946年、1947年的完工量仅为1.18万吨和6.4万吨,占世界的10%,而到了1956年则猛增为174.6万吨,占世界的26.2%,超过英国居世界首位。此后在长达37年的时间里,日本造船业一直独占鳌头,直至1993年被韩国超过~①。日本造船业的增长速度,若以1949年为起点计算,则在26年内增长了近120倍。其他几个造船大国则不可与日本同日而语。战后日本海运、造船业成功的原因何在呢?笔者认为最重要的原因在于日本在战后实行了以“计划造船”政策为中心的保护、扶植性政策措施,而“计划造船”又是战后海运、造船政策的主轴,这些政策按照不同途径,以“计划造船”为中心构成了一个有组织的政策体系。本文将就“计划造船”政策体系模式加以论述,对“计划造船”与相关政策的联系,“计划造船”政策体系特征及其普遍意义加以探讨,以资借鉴。
Post-war Japan’s maritime shipbuilding industry has developed rapidly, attracting world attention. Japan’s shipbuilding industry in 1946, completed in 1947 only 11,800 tons and 64,000 tons, accounting for 10% of the world, and in 1956 soared to 174.6 million tons, accounting for 26.2% of the world, surpassing the United Kingdom in the world first place. After 37 years, Japan’s shipbuilding industry has been the champion, until 1993 by South Korea more than ~ ①. The growth rate of the Japanese shipbuilding industry, if calculated from 1949, increased nearly 120 times in 26 years. Several other big shipbuilding countries can not speak the same language as Japan. What is the reason for the success of the post-war Japan shipping and the shipbuilding industry? The author believes that the most important reason is that Japan implemented the policy of protection and affirmative action centered on the “plan of building a shipbuilding” policy after the war, and the “Planned Shipbuilding ”It is also the main axis of the post-war shipping and shipbuilding policies. These policies constitute an organized policy system centering on“ planning for shipbuilding ”according to different channels. This article will discuss the mode of “planning shipbuilding” policy system and discuss the relationship between “planning shipbuilding” and related policies, the characteristics of “planning shipbuilding” policy system and its universal significance and make reference for it.