巡盐御史制度是明廷完善盐业监管体系的重要尝试。明初,遣监察御史巡盐为临时性派遣,正统间巡盐御史制度初步成形,景泰间一度出现反复,但很快稳定下来。明代巡盐御史的权力,最初由御史本职中的纠察奸弊和差遣中的巡捕私贩两方面构成。天顺年间,巡盐御史获得了对盐场事务的查勘权。至成化年间,巡盐御史权力大为扩张,获得了对盐场官员的考核权。此后,巡盐御史开始全面介入盐政事务并凌驾于运司之上,运使成为巡盐御史的下属,权力、地位日渐沦落。但巡盐御史制度存在任期过短、权力缺乏制约和身份不明确等三个缺陷,这最终成为清代中期废除巡盐御史制度的重要因由。 Yantian salt history system is an important attempt to improve the salt regulatory system. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they sent temporary censors for the censorial supervision of the census to temporary assignments, while the orthodox patrol system for salt censors began to take shape. The jingtai period was repeated once, but stabilized rapidly. The power of patrolling the salt censor in the Ming Dynasty was initially composed of the censure, adulteration and misdemeanor of the censor in the census and the patrol and courier in service. Tianshun years, patrol salt Yushi obtained salvage business matters. To Chenghua years, patrolling Yushi greatly expanded power, access to salt field officials assessment. Since then, patrolling salt censor began to fully involved in salt affairs and above the Secretary for Transportation, shipped to become a salt censor under the subordinate, power, status gradually reduced. However, there are three shortcomings: the short period of tenure, the restriction of power, and the unclear status of imperialism. This eventually became the important reason for abolishing the system of impending imperialism in the mid-Qing Dynasty.