维生素D(Vit D)缺乏性佝偻病不仅仅影响钙磷代谢,还可影响其他组织器官,与多种疾病密切相关。在我国为儿科重点防治的四种疾病之一,婴幼儿特别是小婴儿是佝偻病的高危人群。早产儿是Vit D缺乏的高危人群,环境、营养因素和某些疾病状态已被公认是佝偻病发病的主要决定因素,遗传因素中主要与Vit D受体的多态性有关。依据Vit D缺乏的高危因素、佝偻病的临床症状和体征,结合血生化改变及X线改变即可作出诊断。治疗一般以口服Vit D为主,口服困难或有腹泻等影响吸收时,可肌注。孕期宣教、日光照射、合理喂养等简单措施可有效预防佝偻病,降低佝偻病的严重程度,提高生命质量。 Vitamin D (vitamin D) deficiency rickets not only affect calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also affect other tissues and organs, and a variety of diseases are closely related. In our country, one of the four major diseases for pediatric prevention and treatment, infants, especially young infants, are at high risk of rickets. Preterm infants are the high risk group with Vit D deficiency. Environmental, nutritional factors and some disease states have been recognized as the main determinants of the incidence of rickets. The genetic factors are mainly related to the polymorphism of Vit D receptor. Based on the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency, the clinical signs and symptoms of rickets, combined with blood biochemical changes and X-ray changes can make a diagnosis. Treatment is generally based on oral Vit D, oral difficulties or diarrhea and other effects of absorption, intramuscular injection. Simple measures such as prenatal education, sunlight exposure and reasonable feeding can effectively prevent rickets, reduce the severity of rickets and improve the quality of life.