自从18世纪末叶法国资产阶级档案改革中提出了档案的“对外公开原则”,开放档案的思想便开始在世界范围内蔓延普及。两个世纪以来,许多国家先后制定了开放档案的有关规定和办法。1980年中共中央书记处提出了开放历史档案的方针,从此在我国档案学术语中也增加了“档案开放”这一名词,1987年我国又将开放档案的内容正式列入《档案法》的条款之中,从而使这一现行政策法规化,成为全国档案工作中的一条法律规则。时至今日,开放档案已不仅具有广泛的实践基础,同时得到了较为深入的理论论证。这些理论从各个方面说明了开放档案的必要性、可行性和条件性,成为开放档案的理论基础。这些理论主要有: 一、档案双重价值理论对于档案的价值问题,各国的档案学家从不同的角度进行了大量的探讨,其中美国档案学家谢伦伯格提出的双重价值理论具有较广泛的影响和一定的代表性。谢伦伯格指出,成为公共档案的文件具有两种不同的价值,“即对于原机关的原始价值和对于其他机 Since the proposal of “openness to the public” of archives has been put forward in the bourgeois archives reform of France in the late eighteenth century, the idea of ​​open archives has begun to spread throughout the world. For two centuries, many countries have successively formulated the relevant provisions and methods for opening up archives. In 1980, the CPC Central Committee Secretariat put forward the principle of opening up the historical archives. Since then, the term “archival opening up” has also been added to our archival academic terminology. In 1987, China formally included the contents of the open archives in the provisions of the “Archives Law” Among other things, making the law and regulations of this current policy a legal rule in archives work all over the country. Up to now, the open archives have not only extensive practical foundation, but also obtained more in-depth theoretical argumentation. These theories explain the necessity, feasibility and conditions of open archives in all aspects and become the theoretical basis of open archives. These theories are mainly as follows: First, the dual value theory of archives For the problem of the value of archives, archivists all over the world made a lot of discussions from different angles. The double value theory proposed by American archivist Schleunberg has a broader impact and A certain representation. Schlumberger pointed out that the documents that become public files have two different values, "that is, for the original value of the original organ and for other machines